Printable ModeRomani 2:1
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2:1 Asadar, omule, oricine ai fi tu, care, judeci pe altul, nu te poti dezvinovati; caci prin faptul ca judeci pe altul, te osandesti singur; fiindca tu, care judeci pe altul, faci aceleasi lucruri. Asadar. Sau ,,din cauza aceasta”. Referirea poate fi sau la judecata declarata in cap. 1,32, ,,cei ce fac asemenea lucruri sunt vrednici de moarte” sau la ideea fundamentala a intregii sectiuni, vers. 18-32. Pavel isi continua argumentatia ca exista o nevoie universala de puterea mantuitoare cuprinsa in descoperirea neprihanirii lui Dumnezeu prin credinta (vers. 16.17). El a trasat deja drumul descendent al omului de la prima lepadare voita a cunoasterii lui Dumnezeu prin toate stadiile idolatriei si viciului. In cele din urma, in vers. 32, el a descris acel ultim stadiu al degradarii omenesti in care oamenii nu numai ca pierd ei insisi orice virtute, dar a spus ca in starea aceasta aproba viciul altora. Ei poarta responsabilitatea vinovatiei si a mizeriei lor, deoarece cunosc dreapta hotarare a lui Dumnezeu care e rostita impotriva acelora care fac lucruri de felul acesta. Pavel incepe acum sa explice ca iudeii nu sunt mai putin vinovati decat neamurile si ca si ei au nevoie de prevederile aceluiasi plan de mantuire. El arata ca iudeii s-au bucurat de mai multa lumina decat paganii si cu toate acestea au facut aceleasi lucruri. Mare parte din ceea ce s-a spus cu privire la neamuri in cap. 1,18-32 se aplica si iudeilor, deoarece si ei au pacatuit impotriva cunostintei si a constiintei. Oricine ai fi. Pavel incepe tratarea esecului iudeilor de a ajunge la neprihanirea lui Dumnezeu cu o afirmatie generala aplicabila tuturor oamenilor. El a inceput tratarea esecului neamurilor tot cu o afirmatie generala (cap. 1,18). Poate ca aceasta este o dovada a iscusintei apostolului in arta argumentatiei. Ar fi ridicat opozitie imediat din partea iudeilor daca Pavel s-ar fi referit la ei in primul rand. El a ales mai degraba sa se apropie de subiect treptat si in termeni generali. Apoi, dupa prezentarea dovezilor, face o aplicatie specifica la iudei (cap. 2,17). Judeci. Gr. krino. Cuvantul acesta nu inseamna prin el insusi ,,a condamna”, ci mai degraba ,,a separa”, ,,a distinge”, ,,a alege”, ,,a dovedi preferinta pentru”, ,,a determina”, ,,a aproba”, ,,a rosti judecata” si, acolo unde textul o cere, ,,a condamna”. In cazul acesta, contextul vers. 1-3 arata sensul condamnarii. Pe altul. Literal, ,,pe celalalt”. Nu te poti dezvinovati. [,,esti de neiertat”, KJV]. Iudeii se grabeau sa condamne neamurile, dar intrucat ei fusesera atat de mult favorizati timp de secole cu mai multa lumina decat acestia, erau fara scuza in fata comiterii acelorasi pacate. Vezi vol. IV, pag. 30-34. Te osandesti. Gr. katakrino, o forma a verbului ,,a judeca”, prin care in mod clar lasa sa se inteleaga judecata sau condamnarea ostila. Argumentatia lui Pavel este asemanatoare cu aceea a profetului Natan cand i s-a adresat regelui David (2Sam 12,5-7). Pavel spunea iudeilor ca prin insusi faptul ca se ocupa cu judecarea semenilor lor rosteau sentinta asupra lor insisi. Ei declara ca vinovate fapte de care ei insisi sunt vinovati. Faci. Gr. prasso, un cuvant care denota practica obisnuita. Un exemplu de iudei care deplang imoralitatea paganilor si inalta in slavi propria lor curatie se gaseste in Scrisoarea lui Aristeas: ,,Deoarece cei mai multi dintre ceilalti oameni se murdaresc cu legaturi de amestecatura, savarsind prin aceasta mare nelegiuire, si tari si cetati intregi se falesc cu astfel de vicii. Deoarece ei nu numai ca au relatii cu barbati, dar intineaza pe propriile lor mame si chiar surori. Dar noi am fost tinuti departe de astfel de pacate” (citat de R. H. Charles, Apocrifele si Pseudepigrafele Vechiului Testament in engleza, vol. 2, pag. 109). Ca starea morala a iudeilor nu era chiar atat de aproape de ideal, asa cum este indicat aici, se vede din referiri incidentale in scrieri rabinice la viciile neobisnuite practicate printre iudei, ca si din reglementari preventive in legile rabinice cu privire la aceste vicii. Situatia reala e probabil reflectata cu acuratete corespunzatoare in ceea ce urmeaza din Testamentele celor doisprezece patriarhi (vezi R.H. Charles, Apocrifele si Pseudepigrafele, vol. 2), o lucrare pseudoepigrafica iudaica cam din secolul II i.Hr.: ,,Si in saptamana a saptea vor deveni preoti, [care sunt] idolatri, adulteri, iubitori de bani, mandri, nelegiuiti, imorali, abuzand de copii si de animale” (Testamentul lui Levi 17,11). ,,Aceste lucruri vi le spun, copiii mei, caci am citit in scrierile lui Enoh ca voi insiva va veti departa de Domnul, lucrand dupa toata nelegiuirea neamurilor si veti lucra potrivit nelegiuirii Sodomei (Testamentul lui Neftali 4,1). Este o observatie comuna faptul ca cei care sunt grabnici sa critice si sa acuze pe altii sunt ei insisi adesea vinovati de aceleasi fapte rele. Uneori oamenii sunt deosebit de zelosi sa se ridice impotriva acelor fapte rele pe care ei insisi le practica in ascuns. Exemplul clasic pentru aceasta este josnica ipocrizie data pe fata de acuzatorii piosi ai femeii prinse in adulter. ,,Acesti pretinsi aparatori ai justitiei impinsesera chiar ei victima lor in pacat” (DA 461). David a osandit prompt presupusa neindreptatire relatata de Natan (2Sam 12,1-6). |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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