Printable ModeApocalipsa 1:4
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1:4 Ioan, catre cele sapte Biserici, care sunt in Asia: Har si pace voua din partea Celui ce este, Celui ce era si Celui ce vine, si din partea celor sapte duhuri, care stau inaintea scaunului Sau de domnie, Ioan. Vezi comentariul de la v. 1. Faptul ca scriitorul nu simte nevoia de a se identifica din nou este o dovada ca el era bine cunoscut bisericii din ,,Asia”. Acest lucru da de asemenea marturie despre autenticitatea scrisorii, deoarece ar fi de asteptat ca, in afara de cel pe care credinciosii din ,,Asia” il recunosc drept ,,Ioan”, nici un alt scriitor sa nu mai pretinda autoritate si rang. Simplitatea cu care scriitorul face referire la sine se armonizeaza cu modul in care se mentine in umbra scriitorul Evangheliei lui Ioan (vezi Vol. V, p. 891). Catre cele sapte Biserici. Din momentul acesta pana la sfarsitul cap. 3, Apocalipsa este schitata oarecum in forma unei scrisori antice, sau mai bine zis a unei serii de scrisori. Aceasta sectiune epistolara este o introducere la restul cartii, care este caracterizata printr-o succesiune de viziuni dramatice. In ce priveste folosirea numarului ,,sapte” in Apocalipsa si cele sapte biserici, vezi comentariul de la cap. 1,11. Asia. Adica provincia romana a Asiei, o regiune de circa 300 de mile (480 km.) de la est la vest si 260 de mile (416 km.) de la nord la sud, in vestul teritoriului cunoscut astazi cu numele de Asia Mica, in actuala Turcie (vezi harta din fata p. 33, Vol. VI). In vremurile elenistice teritoriul aceasta a ajuns sa formeze importantul regat al Pergamului, un centru de baza al culturii grecesti. Cu privire la imprejurarile in care a devenit Pergamul provincia romana a Asiei, vezi Vol. V, p. 35. In vremurile Noului Testament Asia a ramas un centru important al culturii greco-romane. Pavel a petrecut acolo mai multe luni de zile (vezi Faptele Apostolilor 18,19–21; 19,1.10), iar succesul ostenelilor sale in acea regiune este atestat de trei din epistolele sale catre crestinii care locuiau acolo (Efeseni, Coloseni, Filimon). Prima sa epistola catre Timotei, care raspundea pe atunci de biserica din Efes, si probabil de bisericile din toata provincia, marturiseste despre existenta, in locurile acelea, a unei comunitati bine stabilite. Pavel era apostol al neamurilor si e destul de probabil ca membrii acestor biserici din provincia romana Asia sa fi provenit in cea mai mare parte dintre neamuri. Dupa mutarea bisericii crestine mama din Ierusalim, cu putin timp inainte de anul 70 d.Hr., se pare ca Asia a devenit un centru crestin important. Acest lucru s-a datorat fara indoiala prezentei si conducerii apostolului Ioan. Conform traditiei, el a locuit in Efes si a calatorit prin tinutul invecinat, ,,aici pentru a randui episcopi, colo pentru a pune in randuiala biserici intregi, dincolo pentru a-i hirotoni pe cei care erau desemnati de Duhul” (Clement of Alexandria Who Is the Rich Man That Shall Be Saved? xlii; ANF, vol. 2, p. 603). O astfel de legatura intima intre apostol si bisericile din Asia pare sa fie reflectata aici. Har … pace. Vezi comentariul de la Romani 1,7; 2 Corinteni 1,2. S-a sugerat ca aceasta salutare a aparut prin combinarea salutului grecesc obisnuit, chairein, ,,salutare!” (ca in Iacob 1,1), cu salutul ebraic shalom, al carui echivalent grecesc este eirene, ,,pace.” Chairein este probabil inrudit cu termenul mai religios, folosit aici, charis, ,,har”. Cele doua cuvinte, ,,har” si ,,pace”, apar de obicei in formulele de salut din primele epistole crestine si, dupa cat se pare, constituiau impreuna o forma specifica de salut in biserica apostolica (vezi Romani 1,7; 1 Corinteni 1,3; 2 Corinteni 1,2; Galateni 1,3; Efeseni 1,2; Filipeni 1,2; Coloseni 1,2; 1 Tesaloniceni 1,1; 2 Tesaloniceni 1,2; 1 Timotei 1,2; 2 Timotei 1,2; Tit 1,4; Filimon 3; 1 Petru 1,2; 2 Petru 1,2; 2 Ioan 3). Celui ce este. Gr. ho on, ,,(Celui) existent”, o expresie in aparenta luata din LXX, de la Exodul 3,14, unde este folosita pentru a traduce numele divin EU SUNT. Ca si cuvantul ebraic, expresia aceasta implica existenta vesnica, dincolo de timp, prin Sine Insusi a lui Dumnezeu. Versiunea greaca spune literal: ,,de la El care este”, o prepozitie care nu e mai gramaticala nici in limba greaca. Totusi, aceste cuvinte nu sunt o dovada ca Ioan nu cunostea gramatica; refuzul sau de a conjuga verbul acesta, care reprezinta Divinitatea, este un mod subtil de a sublinia caracterul de neschimbat al lui Dumnezeu. Din contextul v. 4 si 5 reiese clar ca prin aceste cuvinte se face referire la Tatal. Celui ce era. Dumnezeu a existat din vesnicie (Psalmi 90,2). Celui ce vine. Sau ,,(Cel) viitor”, Seria - ,,Celui ce este”, ,,Celui ce era”, Celui ce vine” – arata ca verbul din ultima propozitie inlocuieste timpul viitor al verbului ,,a fi”, deci aceasta din urma propozitie este echivalenta cu exprimarea ,,Care va fi”. S-a propus ideea ca propozitia s-ar referi si la a doua venire a lui Hristos. Interpretarea aceasta, desi posibila din punct de vedere verbal, nu este potrivita cu contextul, care arata ca scriitorul nu se gandea la asta. Aceasta referire la Tatal scoate in evidenta vesnicia Sa si afirma ca Acelasi care exista acum continuu, a existat din totdeauna si va exista pururi. Existenta lui Dumnezeu trece dincolo de timp, dar o vesnicie dincolo de timp nu poate fi exprimata in cuvinte omenesti decat prin termeni marginiti, trecatori, ca cei folositi de Ioan aici. Sapte duhuri. Cu privire la semnificatia numarului ,,sapte” in Apocalipsa, vezi comentariul de la v. 11. In alta parte a cartii, aceste Sapte Duhuri sunt zugravite ca sapte lampi de foc (cap. 4,5) si ca cei sapte ochi ai Mielului (cap. 5,6). Asocierea facuta aici intre cele ,,sapte Duhuri” si persoana Tatalui si a lui Hristos, ca surse egale de har si pace pentru crestin, da de inteles ca ele reprezinta Duhul Sfant. Numarul ,,sapte” este probabil un simbol al desavarsirii Sale si poate de asemenea sa implice ideea varietatii darurilor prin care lucreaza prin om (vezi 1 Corinteni 12,4–11; compara cu Apocalipsa 3,1). Inaintea scaunului Sau de domnie. Adica inaintea tronului ,,Celui ce este, Celui ce era si Celui ce vine”. Probabil ca pozitia aceasta implica ideea de a fi gata pentru slujire. Vezi comentariul de la cap. 4,2–5. |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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