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Apocalipsa 1:10


1:10 In ziua Domnului eram in Duhul. Si am auzit inapoia mea un glas puternic, ca sunetul unei trambite.

Ziua Domnului. Gr. kuriake hemera. Au fost facute diferite incercari pentru a explica aceasta expresie, care apare doar aici in Scriptura. Unii interpreti au echivalat-o cu expresia ,,ziua Domnului”, folosita de profetii Vechiului Testament (vezi Ioel 2,11.31; Tefania 1,14; Maleahi 4,5; compara cu Faptele Apostolilor 2,20). Luate singure, cuvintele ar putea fi interpretate astfel. Cei care explica expresia in felul acesta atrag atentia asupra faptului ca Apocalipsa se concentreaza asupra marii zi finale a Domnului si asupra evenimentelor care duc la ea (vezi comentariul de la Apocalipsa 1,1). A fi ,,in ziua Domnului in Duhul” ar putea fi interpretat ca insemnand a fi purtat in viziune de-a lungul vremii pentru a fi martor la evenimentele legate de ziua Domnului.

Totusi, exista suficiente motive pentru a respinge aceasta interpretare. In primul rand, cand arata clar catre marea zi a Domnului, in greceste expresia ,,ziua Domnului” este intotdeauna hemera tou kuriou sau hemera kuriou (1 Corinteni 5,5; 2 Corinteni 1,14; 1 Tesaloniceni 5,2; 2 Petru 3,10). In al doilea rand, contextul (Apocalipsa 1,9.10) da de inteles ca ,,ziua Domnului” se refera mai degraba la timpul cand a avut Ioan viziunea, nu la subiectul viziunii. Astfel, Ioan arata locul unde se gasea, ,,ostrovul care se cheama Patmos” (v. 9), motivul pentru care se afla acolo, ,,din pricina Cuvantului lui Dumnezeu” (v. 9), si starea sa in timpul viziunii, ,,in Duhul”. Toate aceste expresii au de-a face cu imprejurarile in care a fost data viziunea si este logic sa tragem concluzia ca a patra face acelasi lucru, aratand momentul descoperirii. Cea mai mare parte a interpretilor sunt de acord cu aceasta concluzie.

Desi unica in Scriptura, expresia kuriake hemera are o lunga istorie in limba greaca post-biblica. Ca si forma prescurtata, kuriake ea este folosita de obicei de parintii bisericesti pentru prima zi a saptamanii, iar in limba greaca moderna kuriake este cuvantul uzual pentru duminica.

Echivalentul sau latin, dominica dies, este o denumire comuna pentru aceeasi zi si a trecut in diferite limbi moderne, ca in spaniola, domingo, in franceza, dimanche, si in romana, duminica. Din acest motiv multi invatati sustin ca expresia kuriake hemera, din pasajul de fata, se refera de asemenea la duminica, si ca Ioan nu doar ca a primit viziunea in prima zi a saptamanii, dar a si recunoscut-o ca fiind ,,ziua Domnului”, probabil pe baza faptului ca in aceasta zi a inviat Hristos din morti.

Exista insa atat motive negative cat si pozitive pentru a respinge aceasta interpretare. In primul rand este principiul recunoscut, al metodei istorice, si anume ca o interpretare trebuie facuta tinand cont doar de dovezile care ii sunt anterioare in timp sau contemporane, nu prin date istorice care provin dintr-o perioada ulterioara. Acest principiu este de o importanta deosebita in problema studierii expresiei ,,ziua Domnului”, asa cum apare in pasajul de fata. Desi in scrierile parintilor bisericesti ea apare frecvent cu sensul de duminica, prima dovada concludenta a unei asemenea intrebuintari nu se gaseste decat in ultima parte a secolului al II-lea, in lucrarea apocrifa Evanghelia dupa Petru, (9, 12; ANF, vol. 9, p. 8), unde ziua invierii lui Hristos este denumita ,,ziua Domnului”. Intrucat documentul acesta a fost scris la trei sferturi de veac dupa ce a scris Ioan Apocalipsa, el nu poate constitui o dovada ca pe vremea lui Ioan expresia ,,ziua Domnului” se referea la duminica. Sar putea da numeroase exemple pentru a arata rapiditatea cu care cuvintele isi pot schimba intelesul. Prin urmare, sensul de aici al expresiei ,,ziua Domnului” este stabilit mai corect prin referirea la Scriptura, nu la literatura ulterioara.

Un argument pozitiv este faptul ca desi Scriptura nu identifica nicaieri duminica ca avand vreo legatura religioasa cu Domnul, ea recunoaste de repetate ori ca ziua a saptea, Sabatul, este ziua Sa speciala. Biblia spune ca Dumnezeu a binecuvantat si a sfintit ziua a saptea (vezi Genesa 2,3); ca a declarat-o ca monument de aducere aminte al actului Sau de a crea (vezi Exodul 20,11); a numit-o ,,ziua Mea cea sfanta” (vezi Isaia 58,13) si ca Isus S-a numit pe Sine ,,Domn al Sabatului” (vezi Marcu 2,28), in sensul ca in calitate de Domn asupra oamenilor, El este Domn si asupra a ceea ce a fost facut pentru om, Sabatul. Asadar, interpretata in acord cu dovezile anterioare si contemporane apostolului Ioan, este clar ca expresia ,,ziua Domnului” nu poate face referire decat la o singura zi, si aceasta este Sabatul zilei a saptea. Vezi 6T 128; AA 581.

Descoperirile arheologice au adus lumina in plus asupra expresiei kuriake hemera. In papirusurile si inscriptiile din perioada imperiala a istoriei romane, gasite in Egipt si Asia Mica, cuvantul kuriakos (forma masculina a lui kuriake era folosit pentru tezaurul imperial si pentru serviciul imperial. Lucrul acesta este logic dat fiind faptul ca in greaca imparatul roman era adesea numit kurios, ,,domn”, si, prin urmare, tezaurul si slujba lui erau ,,tezaurul domnului”, respectiv ,,slujba domnului”. Astfel, in limbajul oficial roman, kuriakos era un cuvant obisnuit pentru cele care apartineau imparatului. O asemenea inscriptie provine din anul 68 d.Hr., asa ca este clar ca aceasta intrebuintare a lui kuriakos era obisnuita pe vremea lui Ioan (vezi Adolf Deissmann, Light From the Ancient East pp. 357–361).

Pe aceeasi inscriptie apare o aluzie la o zi care si-a primit numele in cinstea imparatesei Iulia, sau Livia, cum este ea cunoscuta mai bine.

Pe alte inscriptii, atat din Egipt cat si din Asia Mica, termenul sebaste echivalentul grecesc al lui Augustus apare frecvent ca nume al unei zile. Dupa cat pare acestea sunt referiri la zile speciale de cinstire a imparatului (vezi Deissmann, op. cit.). Unii au sugerat ca expresia kuriake hemera, asa cum e folosita de Ioan, se refera si ea la o zi imperiala. Lucrul acesta este indoielnic din doua motive. In primul rand, desi existau zile imperiale si desi termenul kuriakos era folosit pentru alte lucruri care apartineau imparatului, nu s-a gasit pana acum nici o imprejurare in care cuvantul kuriake sa fie aplicat la o zi imperiala. Bineinteles ca aceasta nu este o dovada finala, deoarece este un argument al tacerii. Al doilea argument care poate fi adus impotriva faptului ca Ioan foloseste expresia kuriake hemera pentru a denumi o zi imperiala, pare sa fie intr-adevar concludent. Este vorba de faptul cunoscut ca atat iudeii din secolul intai (vezi Josephus Flavius War vii, 10. 1 [418, 419]) cat si crestinii, cel putin in secolul al doilea (vezi Martyrdom of Polycarp 8), i-au refuzat lui Caesar numele de Kurios, ,,domn”. Deci este foarte greu de crezut ca Ioan s-a referit la o zi imperiala ca fiind ,,ziua Domnului”, mai ales intr-un timp cand el si semenii sai crestini erau foarte persecutati pentru ca refuzau sa-i ofere imparatului inchinarea cuvenita doar lui Dumnezeu (vezi Introducerea, cadrul istoric). Pare mai rezonabila ideea ca Ioan a ales expresia kuriake hemera pentru Sabat, ca un mijloc subtil de a proclama faptul ca, dupa cum imparatul avea zile speciale devotate cinstirii sale, asa si Dumnezeul lui Ioan, pentru care el suferea acum, avea ziua Sa. In ce priveste originea pazirii duminicii si a denumirii ei ca ,,ziua Domnului”, vezi comentariul de la Daniel 7,25. Vezi AA 581, 582.

In Duhul. Literal, ,,in spirit”, aici insemnand ,,o stare de extaz”. Ioan a ajuns sa nu-si mai dea seama de lucrurile de pe pamant si sa fie constient doar de impresiile primite de la Duhul Sfant. Perceptia prin simturile naturale a facut loc pe deplin perceptiei spirituale.

Ca sunetul unei trambite. Comparatia cu trambita sugereaza intensitatea vocii.

Vezi imaginea cu insula Patmos

Vezi imaginea cu biserica si manastirea de pe insula Patmos

Vezi imaginea cu altarul lui Zeus din Pergam reconstituit

Vezi imaginea cu ruinele altarul lui Zeus din Pergam

Vezi imaginea cu teatrul din Pergam


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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here. Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.

Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.

1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.

2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.

3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.

4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).

5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.

6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.

7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.

8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.


How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones

It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.

A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).

The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version. Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain the software to be installed on your mobile phone.

I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing, to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.

There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor) files. These JAD files has to be uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).

There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid

Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of the software.


1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
 

If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is enough to access https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/  from the browser of the mobile phone, and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more). After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile phone.

Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.

2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.

If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared port of the computer (preferable laptop).

c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g. on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have larger fonts, full screen display etc.

3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check if exists).

4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:

a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next, you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the JAR desired file.

5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to download and run Java applications.


Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific models.

Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).

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Source: Text from read this link, compiled by biblephone2008@gmail.com





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