Printable ModeMatei 3:6
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3:6 si, marturisindu-si pacatele, erau botezati de el in raul Iordan. Botezati. Gr. baptizo, ,,a inmuia”, ,,afunda”. Baptizo era folosit cu privire la afundarea unei stofe in vopsea si cu privire la afundarea unui vas pentru a-l umple cu apa. Era de asemenea folosit metaforic cu privire la rani insangerate primite intr-o lupta, ca in Eschil cu privire la vopsirea (literal ,,botezarea”) unui om cu vopsea rosie la Sardes. Baptizo a fost de asemenea folosit cu privire la un om care se ineca, pentru a zice asa, in datorii. Intelesul cuvantului insusi, impreuna cu detaliile specifice ale naratiunii din Evanghelii, lamureste ca botezul lui Ioan era administrat prin scufundare. Ioan evanghelistul scoate in evidenta ca Ioan Botezatorul ,,boteza in Enon, aproape de Salim, pentru ca acolo erau ape multe” (Ioan 3,23). In plus, toti cei patru scriitori de Evanghelie noteaza ca cea mai mare parte, daca nu toata lucrarea lui Ioan a fost facuta in vecinatatea imediata a raului Iordan (Matei 3,6; Marcu 1,5, 9; Luca 3,3; Ioan 1,28). Daca Ioan nu ar fi botezat prin scufundare el ar fi gasit apa indestulatoare aproape oriunde in Palestina. Acelasi lucru reiese ca era adevarat si despre botezul crestin, deoarece in descrierea botezului eunucului se observa ca atat cel care boteza, cat si cel botezat ,,s-au pogorat in apa” si ,,au iesit afara din apa” (Fapte 8,38,39). Daca turnarea sau stropirea ar fi fost admisa, eunucul, in loc de a astepta pana ce ,,au dat peste apa” inainte de a cere botezul (v. 36), ar fi putut oferi apa lui Filip din plosca lui. In plus, numai scufundarea reflecta exact simbolismul ritualului botezului. Potrivit celor din Romani. 6,3-11, Pavel invata ca botezul crestin reprezinta moartea. A fi ,,botezat”, spune Pavel, inseamna a fi ,,botezat in moartea lui (Hristos)” (v. 3), a fi ,,ingropati impreuna cu El in moarte” (v. 4), a fi ,,facut una cu El printr-o moarte asemanatoare cu a Lui” (v. 5), a fi ,,rastignit impreuna cu El” (v. 6). Pavel trage apoi concluzia ,,tot asa si voi insiva socotiti-va morti fata de pacat” (v. 11). Evident, turnarea si stropirea nu sunt simboluri ale mortii si inmormantarii. Pavel face de doua ori clar intelesul lui aratand faptul important ca iesirea din botez simbolizeaza faptul de a fi ,,inviat din morti” (v. 4). Este evident ca scriitorii NT cunosteau numai botezul prin scufundare. Ca Ioan Botezatorul nu era probabil cel dintai care a introdus practica botezului este evident din surse antice. Iudeii au urmat de timpuriu practica botezului prozelitilor la iudaism. Nu este sigur cand a fost adoptata practica aceasta, dar amanunte incidentale cu privire la procedura erau un punct de dispute intre scoala lui Samai si scoala lui Hilel in sec. I d.Hr.. Intrucat la data aceea practica era aparent deja bine stabilita, este foarte probabil ca botezarea prozelitilor dateaza din timpuri pre-crestine. Vezi Misna, Pesahim 8.8, ed. Soncino a Talmudului, p. 490, 491; Talmud, Pesahim 92 a, ed. Soncino p. 491, 492; vezi si Tosephta, Pesahim 7, 13 si Talmudul din Ierusalim, Pesahim 8. 36 b. 31, ambele citate in Strack si Billerbeck, Komentar zum Neuen Testament, vol. 1, p. 103. De asemenea, este bine stabilit ca modul de botezare al prozelitilor era imersiunea. Reglementarile cereau ca intregul corp sa fie acoperit de apa (vezi Talmud Erubin 4b, ed. Soncino, p. 20; Yebamoth 47a, 47b, ed. Soncino, p. 311, 312). Descoperiri recente facute la Qumran si la Cairo (vezi p. 53, 54, 90-92) dau la iveala faptul ca secta iudaica cunoscuta sub numele de Esenieni se boteza zilnic prin scufundare, spalandu-si simbolic pacatele. Qumran este cam la 15 mile de locul unde boteza Ioan. Reiese ca iudeii care veneau cu gramada la Ioan in pustie intelegeau sensul spiritual al acestui ritual si-l considerau ca pe o procedura corespunzatoare. Chiar si reprezentantii Sinedriului trimisi sa-l interogheze pe Ioan nu au combatut ritualul in sine, ci numai autoritatea lui Ioan de a-l savarsi (vezi Ioan 1,19-28). Ca ritualul botezului crestin este doar un simbol si nu confera har divin este evident in tot NT. Afara de cazul ca un om crede in Isus Hristos (Fapte 8,37; cf. Romani 10,9) si se pocaieste de pacat (Fapte 2,38; cf. cap. 19,18), botezul nu poate fi de nici o valoare pentru el. Cu alte cuvinte nu exista putere mantuitoare in ritualul insusi, daca nu exista credinta in inima celui asupra caruia se savarseste ritualul. Din consideratiile acestea si altele este clar ca botezul copiilor este un procedeu fara rost in ce priveste mantuirea copilului. Botezul poate ajunge sa fie plin de inteles numai cand copilul este destul de mare pentru a intelege mantuirea, credinta si pocainta. Desi iudeii recunosteau valabilitatea botezului pentru prozeliti, ritualul era numai pentru prozelitii dintre Neamuri la iudaism. Faptul ca Ioan il cerea de la iudeii insisi – chiar si de la conducatorii lor religiosi – era aspectul impresionant al botezului sau. In plus, el considera botezul sau ca fiind numai pregatitor pentru botezul care urma sa fie administrat de Hristos (Matei 3.11). Afara de cazul ca iudeii acceptau botezul lui Ioan si botezul ulterior al Duhului Sfant din partea lui Isus Hristos, ei nu erau mai buni decat paganii. Descendenta lor din Abraam nu urma sa le fie de nici un folos (Matei 3,9; cf. Ioan 8,33.39.53; Romani. 11,21; Galateni 3,7. 29; Iacov 2,21; etc). Marturisind. Cand noi marturisim, Dumnezeu iarta (1 Ioan 1,9). Ioan Botezatorul simtea o ura intensa fata de toate felurile de pacat si vinovatie. Dumnezeu nu trimite niciodata solii pentru a-l flata pe pacatos, lucru care ar fi fatal pentru viata vesnica. Unul din semnele unei adevarate reforme este sincera pocainta fata de pacat si o abatere de la el. La fel, este unul din semnele autenticitatii unei solii de la Dumnezeu faptul ca comunicarea da in vileag pacatul si cheama la pocainta si marturisire. Asa a fost cu profetii din vechime (vezi Isaia 1,1-20; 58,1. etc), asa a fost in vremurile NT (Matei 3,7; 23,13-33; Apocalipsa 2,5; 3,15-18) si asa stau lucrurile si astazi (3 T 254). Botezul lui Ioan era un ,,botez al pocaintei” (Marcu 1,4); aceasta era cea mai de seama caracteristica a lui. Tocmai pacatele lui Israel stateau la radacina tuturor nenorocirilor lor personale si nationale (Isaia 59,1,2; Ieremia 5,25; etc). Din aceste nenorociri ei au cautat in zadar eliberare. Ei tanjeau dupa eliberare de sub jugul roman si se rugau pentru aceasta, dar cea mai mare parte dintre ei n-au izbutit sa-si dea seama ca pacatul trebuia sa fie dat afara din tabara inainte ca Dumnezeu sa poata lucra pentru ei. Vezi vol. IV, p. 30-33. |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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