Printable ModeMatei 28:1
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28:1 La sfarsitul zilei Sabatului, cand incepea sa se lumineze inspre ziua dintai a saptamanii, Maria Magdalena si cealalta Marie au venit sa vada mormantul. Sfarsitul zilei Sabatului. [,,Sfarsitul Sabatului”, KJV]. [Invierea, Matei 28,1-15 = Marcu 16,1-11 = Luca 24,1-12 = Ioan 20,1-18. Comentariu major: Matei si Ioan. Vezi harta p. 226; diagrama p. 232, 233]. Gr. opse de sabbaton. Cuvantul opse, tradus aici ,,sfarsit”, poate insemna si ,,tarziu” sau ,,dupa”. Opse este folosit numai de trei ori in NT, aici si in Marcu 11,19; 13,35, unde este tradus prin ,,seara”. In Marcu 11,19, nu este clar daca opse desemneaza dupa amiaza tarziu a zilei mentionate mai inainte in naratiune sau timpul de dupa apusul soarelui, care ar fi, potrivit cu metoda ebraica de calculare, ziua urmatoare. In Marcu 13,35, opse ,,seara”, inseamna intaia straja a noptii, cam de la apus pana pe la 9 p.m. Folosirea lui opse in NT este astfel nedefinita pentru a determina daca expresia opse de sabbaton din Matei 28,1 inseamna Sabat dupa amiaza tarziu, inainte de apusul soarelui, sau dupa Sabat, in ziua intaia a saptamanii. Folosirea lui opse in LXX-a este la fel de nedefinita. Opsia, o forma inrudita, apare mai frecvent in NT. Opsia este intotdeauna tradus ca ,,seara”. In Matei 8,16 si Marcu 1,32 este folosit in mod specific cu privire la timpul de dupa apusul soarelui. In Matei 14,23; Marcu 6,47; Ioan 6,16 la fel, arata timpul de dupa apusul soarelui (cf. DA 377, 380). In Matei 26,20 si Marcu 14,17 este folosit cu privire la masa de Paste, care se presupunea ca ar fi mancata in decursul celor dintai ceasuri ale lui 15 Nisan, dupa apusul soarelui care punea capat lui 14 Nisan (vezi Note aditionale la capitolul 26, nota 1). In Ioan 20,19 se refera la fel la timpul de dupa apusul soarelui, probabil dupa ce se lasase intunericul (cf. DA 800-802); in Matei 27,57 si Marcu 15,42, timpul dinaintea apusului. Comentand asupra lui opse de sabbaton , E. J. Goodspeed trage concluzia ca ,,intelesul lamurit al pasajului este: ,,Dupa Sabat, cand se crapa de ziua intaia a saptamanii” (Probleme de Traducere a Noului Testament, p. 45). La fel, J.H. Maulton atribuie lui opse intelesul de ,,dupa” in cap. 28,1 (Gramatica de Greaca Noului Testament, vol. 1, p.72). ,,Dupa Sabat, catre zorii zilei intaia a saptamanii” este traducerea RSV a enuntarii de timp a acestui pasaj. Goodspeed (op. cat., p. 4 ) citeaza scriitori greci din secolele al II-lea si al III-lea care folosesc pe opse in sensul de ,,dupa”. Asa indefinit cum este, cuvantul opse insusi, pasajele paralele din alte Evanghelii par sa clarifice faptul ca Matei vrea sa spuna aici ,,dupa Sabat”, nu ,,tarziu in Sabat”. Potrivit cu Marcu 16,1.2, ,,dupa ce a trecut ziua Sabatului”, femeile ,,au cumparat miresme”, pe cat se pare sambata seara dupa apusul soarelui, si ,,s-au dus la mormant dis de dimineata, pe cand rasarea soarele”. Cuvintele din Marcu sunt clare si definite si nu pare sa fie motiv temeinic pentru a pune la indoiala ca el se refera la aceeasi vizita mentionata in Matei 28,1. S-ar putea de asemenea sa se observe ca reglementarile iudaice asupra calatoriei in Sabat (vezi la Exod 16,29) ar fi exclus orice vizita la mormant de la o distanta mai mare de 2/3 de mila. Locuinta Mariei Magdalena era in Betania, la departare de 2 mile de Ierusalim (vezi la Matei 21,1). Daca petrecuse Sabatul in Betania (Luca 23,56), ea nu ar fi mers la mormant decat dupa ce se va fi sfarsit Sabatul. Daca, asa cum sustin unii, vizita femeilor la mormant (Matei 28,1) a avut loc tarziu in Sabat dupa amiaza, naratiunea din v. 2-15 ajunge prin aceasta sa fie detasata de enuntarea de timp din v. 1. Dar, v. 2-15 par sa dea o relatare a ceea ce a avut loc la timpul precizat in v. 1. Pare improbabilca enuntarea detailata de timp din v. 1 sa fie data pentru presupusa vizita din Sabat dupa amiaza la mormant si sa nu fie aratat nici un timp pentru maretele evenimente ale v. 2-15. Nu este nimic care sa arate o trecere in timp de la Sabat dupa amiaza la duminica dimineata. In al doilea rand, daca, asa cum au incercat unii sa arate, invierea insasi a avut loc in Sabat dupa amiaza, apar alte dificultati. Garda romana fusese asezata la mormant in timpul orelor de lumina ale zilei de Sabat (cap. 27,62-66), dar a intervenit o noapte intre inceputul pazei lor si inviere (cap. 28,13). Cand atat vorbirea, cat si contextul permit interpretarea cap. 28,1 in armonie cu enuntarile unanime ale celorlalti scriitori ai Evangheliei, nu exista motiv temeinic de a face altfel. Unii au sugerat ca expresia ,,la sfarsitul zilei Sabatului” ar trebui sa fie legata cu cap. 27,66. Totusi, textul grec nu favorizeaza o astfel de legatura. Cand incepea sa se lumineze Gr. epiphosko, literal ,,a creste lumina”, ,,a se arata zorile”. Epiphosko este folosit pentru “rasaritul” zilei de 12 ore (rasaritul soarelui), cat si pentru ziua de 24 de ore (apus). In Luca 23,54, epiphosko este tradus ,,incepea” [,,se apropia”], cu privire la apropierea Sabatului la apusul soarelui. Comentatorii sunt in general de acord ca in Matei 28,1 el retine sensul lui literal, iar lucrul acesta pare sa fie confirmat de afirmatiile paralele din celelalte Evanghelii. In acest anotimp al anului astronomic zorii diminetii incepeau pe la ora 4, la latitudinea Ierusalimului, iar soarele rasarea pe la 5,30. Daca Maria Magdalena se va fi trezit cam pe timpul cand incepea sa se lumineze (vezi Ioan 20,1) si a mers de la Betania la Golgota, ea ar fi ajuns acolo pe la rasaritul soarelui (vezi Marcu 16,1.2; cf. Ioan 20,1). Ziua dintai a saptamanii. Gr. mia sabbathon. Cuvantul sabbathon atat in forma lui de plural, ca aici, cat si la singular, inseamna fie ,,Sabat”, ziua a saptea a saptamanii, fie ,,saptamana”. Exemple de folosirea lui in ultima forma sunt Luca 18,12; 1 Corinteni 16,2; etc. Unii al caror zel de a promova ideile lor personale depaseste cu mult cunostintele lor de limba greaca, au interpretat pe mia sabbathon ca fiind ,,intaia a Sabatelor” si au tras concluzia ca Matei indica aici duminica invierii ca ocazia cea dintai in care sfintenia Sabatului a fost transferata asupra zilei intaia a saptamanii. Nici un savant elenist nu a incercat vreodata sa alcatuiasca vreun argument in favoarea sfinteniei duminicii pe temeiul acestei traduceri imposibile din punct de vedere gramatical a lui Matei 28,1. Novicii care au facut o astfel de incercare au fost mustrati de catre fratii lor pazitori ai duminicii mai invatari, care tagaduiesc in mod categoric posibilitatea unei astfel de traduceri (vezi F. D. Nichol, Answers to Objections, p. 236–241). Maria Magdalena. Vezi Nota aditionala la Luca 7. Femeile ,,se uitau unde-L pune [pe Isus]” (vezi la Marcu 15,47) in aparenta pentru ca sa se poata reintoarce dupa Sabat ca sa completeze pregatirile trupului Lui. Cealalta Marie. Probabil, Maria mama lui Iacob (Marcu 16, ) si a lui Iose (cap. 15,47). Au venit. Fiecare dintre cei patru evanghelisti da propriul sau raport asupra evenimentelor rapide si dramatice ale diminetii invierii si, la prima vedere, fiecare raport difera de celelalte (Note aditionale la capitolul 3, nota 2). Diferentele aparente nu sunt datorate discrepantelor dintre diferitele relatari, ci mai degraba scurtimii acestor relatari. Sa vada mormantul. Avand in vedere faptul ca Marcu (cap. 16,1.2) si Luca (cap. 24,1) vorbesc despre aducerea de mirodenii, unii au tras concluzia ca Matei se refera la o vizita mai timpurie la mormant, poate tarziu in Sabat dupa amiaza, o simpla vizita pentru a vedea mormantul. Despre lipsa de probabilitate a unei asemenea vizite vezi la Matei 28,1. |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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