Printable ModeMarcu 3:18
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3:18 Andrei; Filip; Bartolomeu; Matei; Toma; Iacov, fiul lui Alfeu; Tadeu; Simon Canaanitul, Andrei. Gr. Andreas, insemnand ,,barbatesc”, un nume grec derivand de la aner ,,barbat”. Desi unul din cei mai timpurii urmasi ai lui Isus (vezi Ioan 1,35-49), Andrei nu a devenit unul din cercul intern (DA 292) si este rareori mentionat in naratiunea Evangheliei. Cea mai mare parte din ceea ce cunoastem despre el provine de la Ioan (vezi cap. 1,40.41.44; 6,8; 12,22). Matei si Luca pun pe Andrei ca al doilea din cei doisprezece ucenici probabil pentru a-l asocia cu fratele sau Petru. Cu privire la antecedentele familiei lui Andrei vezi la Marcu 3,16. Andrei pare sa fi fost un lucrator sarguincios, desi poate nu atat de daruit cu calitati de conducator ca fratele sau. In acord cu traditia el a fost martirizat in Grecia pe o cruce in forma literei x – ca rezultat al acestui fapt, o cruce facuta in felul acesta este cunoscuta indeobste sub numele de crucea Sf. Andrei. Filipeni Gr. Philippos, “iubitor de cai”, ca si ,,Andrei”, un nume autentic grec. Filip era nascut in Betsaida Iulia (vezi Ioan 1,44), aproape de capatul de nord al Lacului Galileea. Cea mai mare parte din ceea ce stim despre Filip, inainte de inaltarea la cer a lui Hristos, ne provine prin relatarea Evangheliei lui Ioan (vezi cap. 1,43-48; 6,5-7; 12,21.22; 14,8.9). El a fost cel dintai caruia Isus i-a zis: ,,Vino dupa Mine” (Ioan 1,43). Este caracterizat ca un sincer cautator dupa adevar, dar aparent mai incet decat unii dintre ceilalti in a-L recunoaste pe Isus ca Mesia si in a aprecia insemnatatea misiunii Lui pe pamant (vezi Ioan 6,7; 14,8.9). El pare uneori ca a fost nesigur cu privire la calea de actiune (vezi Ioan 12,21.22). Totusi era zelos si, dupa ce L-a gasit pe Mesia, de indata a inceput sa aduca pe altii la El (vezi Ioan 1,45). Bartolomeu. Literal ,,fiul lui Talami”, (cf. Numeri 13,22; 2 Samuel 3,3; 13,37). Natanael era probabil numele lui personal. Evangheliile sinoptice nu fac nici o mentiune despre Natanael si Evanghelia dupa Ioan nu spune nimic de Bartolomeu. Ioan pomeneste de Natanael, impreuna cu altii din cei doisprezece, intr-un cadru in care se pare ca numai cei doisprezece ucenici erau de fata (vezi cap. 21,2). In felul acesta nu exista motiv temeinic pentru a pune la indoiala faptul ca cele doua nume Bartolomeu si Natanael se refera la aceeasi persoana. Filip a recomandat pe prietenul sau Natanael lui Isus (vezi Ioan 1,45); se pare ca cei doi barbati erau prieteni apropiati (cf. DA 293). Matei. Marcu si Luca se refera la Matei cu numele de Levi (vezi la Marcu 2,14). Pare improbabil ca Alfeu tatal lui Matei ar trebui identificat cu Alfeu care era tatal lui Iacov. Cei doi ucenici nu sunt asociati niciodata laolalta in Evanghelii ca si cum ar fi fost frati, asa cum sunt Petru si Andrei, Iacov si Ioan. Matei s-a dovedit a fi un lucrator capabil. Dupa traditie el si-a dezvoltat puterile, dupa inviere, in cea mai mare parte a lucrarii printre concetatenii sai si se poate sa fi lucrat in Etiopia sau in tinutul Marii Negre. Toma. Numit si Geamanul [,,Didymus”] (vezi Ioan 11,16; 20,24; 21,2). Ambele nume inseamna ,,geaman”. Traditia spune ca numele dat lui era Iuda (un nume ebraic obisnuit). Tot ce se stie despre Toma este relatat in Evanghelia dupa Ioan (vezi cap. 11,16; 14,5; 20;24-29; 21,2). Desi s-a dovedit a fi indoielnic si egoist uneori (vezi Ioan 20,24.25), totusi in alte ocazii a fost brav si loial (vezi (cap. 11,16). Se spune ca a lucrat in Partia si Persia. O traditie mai putin sigura spune ca Toma a fost in India si China. In India de sud exista o grupa de crestini indigeni care au fost cunoscuti de secole ca si crestini ai lui Toma. Ei au in posesia lor o versiune a naratiunii Evangheliei despre care se spune ca le-a fost transmisa de apostolul Toma. Ei pretind ca Toma a suferit martiraj pe o inaltime cunoscuta ca muntele Sf. Toma, in apropiere de Madras. A mai fost un misionar iudeu cu numele de Toma care a lucrat in China si al carui chip a fost pastrat in piatra impreuna cu o inscriptie care, tradusa liber, zice: ,,Toma a venit si a lucrat cu toata inima si cu mult zel. Daca tot binele pe care l-a facut ar trebui sa fie relatat, cineva ar trebui sa-si moaie condeiul in Lacul Tunting [un lac mare din China] pana ce lacul va seca [pentru a avea apa indestulatoare pentru a face cantitatea necesara de cerneala].” Acest tablou interesant al lui Toma are trasaturi distinctive iudaice, dar probabil nu este acela al apostolului Toma. Iacov. Deosebit de Iacov fiul lui Zebedei, Iacov fiul lui Alfeu. Pare sa existe suficiente motive pentru a crede ca el este Iacov cel mentionat in Matei 27,56; Marcu 15,40: 16,1; Luca 24,10. Expresia ,,Iacov cel mai mic” sau literal ,,Iacov cel mic” (Marcu 15,40), probabil se refera la el ca atare in sensul de ,,Iacov cel mai tanar” (vezi la Psalmii 115,13), sau poate expresia a fost folosita pentru ca era de statura scunda. Unii au incercat sa-l identifice pe Iacov fiul lui Alfeu cu Iacov fratele Domnului (vezi Matei 13,55), dar sugestia aceasta este atat de improbabila incat este aproape nedemna de luat in seama. Iacov ucenicul era un urmas al lui Hristos cel putin de pe vremea cand au fost numiti cei doisprezece, cam prin vara anului 29 d.Hr. Dar chiar tarziu, cu sase luni inainte de crucificare fratii lui Isus se spune ca nu credeau in El (vezi Ioan 7,5). Insusi cadrul din Matei 13,55 si Marcu 6,3 lasa sa se inteleaga ca incidentul amintit acolo a avut loc cam pe timpul celei de a treia calatorii galileene, cu siguranta dupa alegerea celor doisprezece. Vezi la Fapte 12,17. Tadeu. Identificat de Matei (vezi cap. 10,3) ca Tadeu. O traditie veche, contra careia nu a fost oferita nici-o dovada, face pe Tadeu egal cu Iuda fiul lui Iacov (vezi Luca 6,16; Fapte 1,13). Este destul de clar din alte exemple ca acest Iuda nu era fratele, ci fiul unui om numit Iacov, desi textul grec din Luca 16,16 zice simplu: ,,Iuda al lui Iacov”. Este aproape sigur ca acest Iacov, tatal lui Tadeu sau Iuda, nu trebuie sa fie identificat cu nici un alt Iacov al NT deoarece numele acesta era foarte obisnuit (vezi la Marcu 3,17). Acolo unde Ioan (vezi cap. 14,22) se refera la acest Iuda, il distinge clar de Iuda Iscarioteanul. Tadeu nu apare ca o persoana proeminenta in rapoartele NT asa cum se intampla cu cei mai multi din ceilalti apostoli. Simon. Numit ,,Cananitul” pentru a-l deosebi de Simon Petru. Cu privire la intelesul si derivarea numelui lui Simon vezi la v. 16. Denumirea ,,Cananitul” nu marcheaza in mod necesar pe Simon ca descendent din una din natiunile cananite care populasera tara Palestinei inainte de venirea evreilor (vezi la Geneza 10,6). Multe alte manuscrise vechi se refera la el numindu-l ,,Cananeanul” care inseamna fie un locuitor al cetatii Cana sau, mai probabil, un membru al unui partid patriotic iudaic cunoscut ca Zeloti (vezi Luca 6,15; p. 54; cf. DA 296). |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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