Printable ModeLevitic 18:21
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18:21 Sa nu dai pe nici unul din copiii tai ca sa fie adus jertfa lui Moloh, si sa nu pangaresti Numele Dumnezeului tau. Eu sunt Domnul. Lui Moloh. Ritualul obscur paganesc descris prin expresia ,,adus jertfa lui Moloh” este amintit aici pentru prima oara. Alte declaratii care se ocupa cu aceeasi practica se afla in Levitic 20,2-5; 2 Regi 23,10 si Ieremia 32,35. ,,Milcom” din versetele 5 si 33 din acelasi capitol si din 2 Regi 23,13. Dar cine este Moloh? Generatii de teologi au fost incurcati de acest cuvant. Unii considera ca Moloh (molek) este zeul Mekal canaanit, despre care marturisesc inscriptiile, si ca ultimele doua consoane au ajuns sa se schimbe intre ele. Totusi, multi comentatori dau urmatoarea interpretare: Cuvantul ,,Molah” (molek) are in ebraica aceleasi consoane ca si cuvantul ,,rege” (melek). In ebraica veche se scriau numai consoanele, in acest caz mlk. Introducerea de vocale diferite a dat nastere la un cuvant diferit. De aceea, dupa parerea acestor comentatori, care reflecta vechea traditie iudaica, ,,Moloh” nu era numele unei zeitati, ci indica spre oricare zeu, care putea fi numit ,,rege”, in acelasi sens in care Dumnezeu era numit ,,rege” de catre evrei (vezi Psalmi 5,2; 10,16; etc.). Ei au acceptat si traditia iudaica ca vechii evrei au rezervat titlul de melek, ,,rege”, pentru Dumnezeul cel adevarat si au pronuntat grupa consonantica de litere, mlk, cand era aplicata la zeii canaaniti, cu vocalele, ,,o” si ,,e”, asa cum se afla in cuvantul boscheth ”rusine”, creand astfel cuvantul molek. Titlul acesta pentru un zeu pagan voia sa insemne ,,rege-rusine”, in contrast cu melek, adevaratul Rege al cerului si al pamantului. Aceasta explicatie a cuvantului ,,Moloh” a fost puternic sustinuta in cercurile teologice. In 1935, O. Eissfeldt a publicat descoperirile sale cu privire la anumite inscriptii punice ale Cartaginei din Africa de Nord din perioada de la 400-150 i.Hr. in care termenii ,,molk de oaie” si ,,molk de barbat” sunt folosite spre a descrie animale sau oameni pentru jertfa (Molk als Opferbegriff im Punischen und Hebraischen und das Ende des Gottes Moloch). Deoarece limba punica este strans inrudita cu ebraica, Eissfeldt a explicat cuvantul ebraic molek ca insemnand ,,juruinta” sau ,,fagaduinta”. Astfel ca textele biblice traduse obisnuit prin ,,sa treaca prin foc in cinstea lui Moloh”, ar trebui redate ,,ca o juruinta”, adica implinirea unei fagaduinte fata de un zeu pagan. Multi comentatori au inchinat sa accepte explicatia lui Eissfeldt. Totusi recentele sapaturi de la Mari, din Mesopotamia au furnizat texte in care G. Dossin a gasit un zeu numit Muluc, caruia i se aducea inchinare in regiunea Eufratului Mijlociu in secolul al XVIII-lea d.Hr. (Revue d’Asszriologie, vol. 35 [1938] p. 178, n 1). Zeii Sevarfaim, Adramelec (atestat in inscriptiile din Mesopotamia ca Adad-milki) si Anamelec, carora li se jertfeau copii in foc (2 Regi 17,31) se pare ca aveau o oarecare legatura cu zeul Muluc, dupa cum arata ultima parte a numelui lor. In lumina acestei ultime dovezi, se pare ca Moloh a fost un zeu pagan deosebit, unul caruia i se jertfeau copii arsi prin foc, astfel ca traducerea veche ,,sa treaca prin foc in cinstea lui Moloh” poate fi considerata ca este corecta. Totusi numele acestui zeu a fost aplicat mai tarziu ca termen tehnic pentru jertfe de animale si oameni, asa cum rezulta din inscriptiile punice din Cartagina. |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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