Printable ModeIacob 1:1
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1:1 Iacov, rob al lui Dumnezeu si al Domnului Isus Hristos, catre cele douasprezece semintii care sunt imprastiate: sanatate! Iacov. Simpla mentionare a numelui dovedeste ca scriitorul era bine cunoscut si nu era nevoie sa se identifice mai departe. Astazi insa exista incertitudine cu privire la care Iacov din vremea Noului Testament era scriitorul. In ce priveste insemnatatea numele Iacov, vezi comentariul de la Marcu 3,17. In ce priveste o discutie cu privire la autorul epistolei, vezi Introducerea. Rob. Gr. doulos (vezi Romani 1,1). Iacov se numeste cu demnitate ,,rob”, si nu ,,apostol”, un titlu pe care pe buna dreptate l-ar fi putut folosi. Desi era un lucrator respectat in imparatia lui Hristos de pe pamant, el se refera la sine numai ca la un ,,rob”. El reprezinta un exemplu demn de urmat pentru toti cei insarcinati cu raspunderi in biserica de azi. Nu exista onoare mai mare decat a fi un ,,rob” al lui Dumnezeu. Al Domnului. Iacov recunoaste ca prin calitatea sa de ,,rob” el devine un reprezentant atat al Fiului cat si al Tatalui. Desi in epistola aceasta se face adesea aluzie la invataturile lui Hristos, singura data cand este amintit numele Lui este cap, 2,1. Cele douasprezece semintii. Adica cele douasprezece triburi ale lui Israel (vezi Geneza 35,22–26; 49,28; Faptele Apostolilor 7,8). Cele zece semintii ale regatului de nord fusesera luate in captivitate in anul 722 i.d.Hr. (2 Imparati 17,6.23). Numai putini dintre descendentii lor s-au intors mai tarziu in Palestina (vezi Ezra 6,17; 8,35). Totusi exista dovezi ca in vremurile Noului Testament cel putin unele din semintiile acestea erau inca recunoscute. De pilda, Ana era din semintia lui Aser (Luca 2,36; vezi Faptele Apostolilor 26,7). Cu toate acestea, se poate ca Iacov sa se fi folosit de denumirea ,,cele douasprezece semintii” pentru a face referire la iudei in general, indiferent de triburile din care faceau parte. Unii sustin ca Iacov vorbeste despre cele douasprezece semintii ale Israelului spiritual (vezi Apocalipsa 7,4), altii cred ca aceasta scrisoare este adresata in primul rand crestinilor iudei. Comentariul de fata favorizeaza acest ultim punct de vedere. Totusi, indiferent de opinia adoptata, invatatura spirituala a epistolei ramane aceeasi. Iacov se identifica pe sine si pe destinatarii epistolei ca fiind iudei. El se refera, de pilda, la Avraam ca la ,,parintele nostru” (cap. 2,21) si la ,,adunare” [literal, ,,sinagoga”] (v. 2), locul unde se strangeau iudeii pentru a se inchina (vezi Vol. V, pp. 56, 57). Dar scriitorul si cititorii carora le-a fost adresata initial scrisoarea erau si crestini, asa cum reiese din frecventele referiri la Isus Hristos ca ,,Domn” (vezi cap. 1,1.7.12; 2,1; 5,7.11). Astfel, scriindu-le celor ,,douasprezece semintii” imprastiate, Iacov se adreseaza crestinilor iudei care locuiau ici si colo in Imperiul Roman (compara cu 1 Petru 1,1). Nu exista nici un motiv sa credem ca el ii avea in vedere pe iudeii neconvertiti sau ca se gandea ca scrisoarea sa va fi citita si de unii din toate cele douasprezece semintii ale lui Israel. Ar trebui sa se retina ca in general crestinii evrei din vremurile apostolice s-au considerat mereu iudei evlaviosi, ca, intr-un anumit sens ei au ramas credinciosi iudaismului si asteptau, mai mult sau mai putin, implinirea tuturor fagaduintelor facute lui Israel de catre profetii din vechime, prin Isus Hristos (compara cu Faptele Apostolilor 1,6). Putini dintre ei intelegeau ca Israelul ca natiune pierduse, in favoarea bisericii crestine, mandatul Cerului de a fi poporul ales al lui Dumnezeu (vezi Vol. IV, pp. 35, 36). Mentionarea celor ,,douasprezece semintii” trebuia sa le reaminteasca acestor crestini iudei despre istoria lor ca natiune si sa le inspire nadejdea ca, prin Hristos, ei puteau sa intre curand in stapanirea bogatei mosteniri fagaduite parintilor (vezi Vol. IV, pp. 26–30). Chiar si Pavel, apostolul neamurilor, foloseste acest termen (vezi Faptele Apostolilor 26,7; compara cu Matei 19,28; vezi comentariul de la Romani 11,25.26). Imprastiate. Literal, ,,dispersate” (vezi 1 Petru 1,1). Dispersarea sau imprastierea iudeilor printre celelalte natiuni e pomenita in mod deosebit pe vremea Esterei (Estera 3,8) si la Ziua Cincizecimii (Faptele Apostolilor 2,5.9–11; vezi harta din Vol. VI, p. 136). Pentru un comentariu cu privire la imprastierea iudeilor, vezi Vol. V, pp. 59, 60. Scopul original al lui Dumnezeu pentru iudei era ca ei sa fie misionari in lumea intreaga. Chiar daca Israel a dat gres in a implini planul acesta, asa cum fusese el intentionat la inceput, efectul celor doua captivitati a implinit in parte scopul initial al lui Dumnezeu. Pentru comentarii mai detaliate cu privire la planul lui Dumnezeu pentru Israel, vezi Vol. IV, pp. 26–30. Sanatate! [,,Salutare”, KJV].Gr. chairo, ,,a se bucura”. Compara folosirea lui chairo in Luca 1,28; vezi comentariul de la Romani 1,7. Cuvantul era folosit si la despartire, in sensul: ,,fie ca bucuria sa va insoteasca”. Compara forma ebraica de salutare (vezi Ieremia 6,14). Aceasta forma de salutare nu apare in alta parte in epistole. Folosirea ei in Faptele apostolilor 15,23 este una dintre putinele particularitati de stil care sugereaza o posibila identificare a autorului acestei epistole cu acel Iacov din ultima parte a cartii Faptele Apostolilor (vezi Introducerea). |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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