Printable ModeExod 17:14
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17:14 Domnul a zis lui Moise: Scrie lucrul acesta in carte, ca sa se pastreze aducerea aminte, si spune lui Iosua ca voi sterge pomenirea lui Amalec de sub ceruri. Scrie. Aceasta este prima mentiune din raportul sacru despre scriere. Pana nu de mult nu se cunostea cum s-a facut lucrul acesta si ce fel de scriere a fost folosita. Faptul ca pe vremea lui Moise a existat o scriere alfabetica a fost descoperit aproximativ pe timpul primului razboi mondial. Mai inainte se stia doar ca scrierea alfabetica a fost folosita de diferite popoare din Palestina, cu deosebire fenicienii, din primul mileniu i.Hr. si ca alfabetele europene se dezvoltasera prin intermediul fazelor greaca si latina din scrierea originala feniciana. Inalta critica si-a batut joc de ideea ca Moise ar fi putut scrie Pentateucul in limba ebraica in timpul mileniului al doilea i.Hr., fiind convinsi ca scrierea ebraica nu exista pe vremea aceea. Aceia care au admis ca Moise ar fi putut scrie parte din Pentateuc, sau anumite experiente ca aceea descrisa aici, au crezut ca el trebuie sa fi folosit fie scrierea hieroglifica egipteana, fie cuneiforma babiloniana. In conformitate cu dovezile, pare probabil ca prima forma de scriere alfabetica a fost inventata, daca nu in Fenicia, sau in sudul Palestinei, chiar in regiunea Sinai, unde Moise a primit porunca sa scrie istoria infrangerii lui Amalec intr-o carte. In 1916, Dr. Alan Gardiner a publicat prima sa incercare de a descifra inscriptii gasite cu vreo zece ani mai inainte de Sir Flinders Petric in minele de cupru egiptene de la Wadi Magara, la Sinai. Expeditii ulterioare au marit numarul inscriptiilor din acest loc, si lucrul combinat al unui numar de lingvisti de seama a reusit sa duca la descifrarea acestei scrieri necunoscute mai inainte. Inscriptiile acestea scot la iveala faptul ca ele alcatuiesc incercarile cele mai timpurii de a compune o scriere semitica, care a constat din vreo 25 de litere. Inventatorii acestui alfabet au fost canaanitii care lucrau pentru egipteni in minele de la Sinai. Probabil ca ei n-au scris in propria limba, ci ajunsesera obisnuiti cu sistemul de scriere hieroglifa folosit timp de secole in Egipt. De exemplu, singura cale ca egiptenii sa poata exprima in scris ideea unei case, era prin desenarea unei hieroglife, sau figuri a unei case. Unora dintre canaanitii din mine, le-a venit stralucita idee de a folosi anumite hieroglife egiptene pentru a exprima sunete fonetice abstracte in loc de obiecte concrete. In limba canaanita, o casa era o bayith. Primul sunet din bayith fiind b, ei au stabilit valoarea fonetica a lui b hieroglifei egiptene pentru ,,casa”. Aplicarea acestui principiu a facut posibil ca printr-un mic numar de litere sa exprime orice doreau sa spuna. Aceasta era o inventie de o importanta cu urmari mari. Ea n-a fost prea mult imbunatatita de atunci. Noi mai folosim inca o forma modificata a scrierii alfabetice inventate in peninsula Sinai cu cateva decenii inainte de Exod. Propria noastra litera b, de exemplu, este urmasa directa a primei litere aleasa la Sinai sa reprezinte acest sunet. Inventarea scrierii alfabetice la putin timp inainte de Exod a fost tot atat de mult un dar providential al lui Dumnezeu ca si inventarea tiparului prin litere mobile la putin timp inaintea Reformatiunii. Niciodata Biblia n-ar fi putut deveni ,,cartea poporului” daca ar fi fost nevoie sa fie scrisa in complicatul sistem hieroglific sau cuneiform care a precedat inventarea scrierii alfabetice. Cu aceasta noua scriere, cu care probabil ca Moise facuse cunostinta in timpul lungii sale sederi la Sinai, a fost usor sa scrie istoria umblarii lui Dumnezeu cu poporul Sau precum si diferitele reglementari legale care se afla in Pentateuc. De asemenea, era usor ca o astfel de scriere sa se invete a fi citita. Scripturile ebraice constituie nu numai din simpla intamplare cea mai veche si cea mai ampla relatare istorica a rasei umane si a incercarilor lui Dumnezeu de a salva pe om din imparatia lui Satan. In carte. ,,Cartea” in care Moise a scris istoria atacului si infrangerii lui Amalec a constat probabil dintr-un sul de papirus, cel mai obisnuit material egiptean pentru scris. Acest stramos al hartiei era facut din fibre ale tulpinii plantei de papirus, ce se gasea atunci in mlastinile deltei Nilului. Foile de papirus erau facute din fibre muiate, asezate mai intai orizontal, iar deasupra acestora un alt strat asezat vertical. Straturile erau apoi incleiate impreuna, presate si uscate, si netezite prin frecarea foilor cu o piatra ponce. In cele din urma, mai multe foi erau prinse impreuna pentru a forma un sul de 3 la 10 metri lungime in medie. Un astfel de sul era destul de lung pentru a contine oricare din cele cinci carti ale lui Moise. Din remarca facuta in Numeri 33,2 reiese clar ca Moise a tinut un jurnal al calatoriilor lui Israel prin pustie, care a alcatuit baza listei din Numeri 33 si a naratiunii istorice lasata noua. Probabil ca Moise a capatat obiceiul de a tine un jurnal in timpul primilor 40 de ani ai vietii sale la curtea egipteana, pentru ca stim din rapoartele lui Thutmose III, probabil contemporan cu Moise, ca evenimentele in legatura cu campaniile militare au fost ,,raportate in fiecare zi pe numele lor”, si ca dupa completarea unei campanii, acest cuprins de note era transferat pe un ,,sul de piele din templul lui Amon” (compara cu PP 245). De aceea, lui Moise nu i s-a parut ciudat sa primeasca instructiuni de a raporta atacul perfid si infrangerea lui Amalec pentru informare viitore ca ,,aducator aminte”. Si spune. Cuvintele acestea arata ca Iosua fusese deja ales de Dumnezeu ca sa urmeze lui Moise. Voi sterge pomenirea. Nimicirea acestei ramuri a natiunii edomite era decretata, in timp ce restul edomitilor s-au bucurat de ocrotire divina (vezi Deuteronom 2,4.5). Amalecitii au atacat in mod brutal poporul lui Dumnezeu, nearatand nici un fel de compatimire, nici chiar fata de propriile rude (Deuteronom 25,18). Acest atac, intru totul neprovocat, a dat pe fata ura si dispretul lor fata de Dumnezeu si a pecetluit condamnarea lor ca natiune (PP 300). |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
Select another version: