Printable ModeDaniel 8:9
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8:9 Dintr-unul din ele a crescut un corn mic, care s-a marit nespus de mult spre miazazi, spre rasarit, si spre tara cea minunata. Dintr-unul din ele. In ebraica expresia este ambigua in ce priveste genul. Cuvantul tradus ,,ele”, hem, este masculin. Acesta arata ca, din punct de vedere gramatical, antecedentul este ,,vanturi” (v. 8) si nu ,,coarne”, deoarece ,,vanturi” poate fi si masculin si feminin, dar ,,coarne” numai feminin. Pe de alta pare cuvantul tradus ,,unul”, ‘achath, este feminin, sugerand ,,coarnele” ca antecedent. ‘Achath ar putea natural, sa se refere la cuvantul ,,vanturi”, care apare mai des la feminin. Dar ar fi indoielnic ca scriitorul sa atribuie doua genuri diferite aceluiasi substantiv intr-o atat de apropiata relatie contextuala. Pentru a ajunge la un acord gramatical ar trebui sau ca ‘achath sa fie schimbat la masculin, facand ca intreaga expresie sa se refere clar la ,,vanturi” sau cuvantul care-l reprezinta pe ,,ele” sa fie schimbat la feminin, in care caz referirea ar fi ambigua, intrucat ori ,,vanturi”, ori ,,coarne” ar putea sa fie antecedentul. O serie de manuscrise ebraice au cuvantul tradus ,,ele” la feminin, ca in traducerea Cornilescu. Chiar daca manuscrisele acestea reflecta textul original, pasajul ramane tot ambiguu. Comentatorii care interpreteaza ,,cornul cel mic” din versetul 9 ca referindu-se la Roma au avut dificultati sa explice in chip satisfacator cum putea Roma sa se iveasca dintr-una din subdiviziunile imperiului lui Alexandru. Insa daca ,,ele” se refera la ,,vanturi” orice dificultate dispare. Atunci pasajul ar spune pur si simplu ca dintr-unul din cele patru puncte cardinale se va ivi o alta putere. In explicatia literala a simbolurilor viziunii se spune ca Roma se va ridica ,,la sfarsitul stapanirii lor” (v. 23), adica a ,,imparatiei” celor patru corne. Totusi, v. 23 se refera numai la timpul cand cornul cel mic se iveste si nu spune nimic cu privire la locul ivirii lui, in timp ce v. 9 este preocupat numai de localizarea lui. Sa nu uitam ca profetul este aici in cursul unei descrieri a simbolurilor profetice, asa cum i-au fost prezentate scenele. El inca nu interpreteaza viziunea. Interpretarea acestei parti a viziunii apare in v. 23. O regula importanta care trebuie respectata cand se interpreteaza simbolurile viziunilor este de a da o interpretare numai acelor parti ale reprezentarii in tablou care erau menite sa aiba o valoare interpretativa. Ca si in parabole, anumite parti sunt necesare pentru a completa prezentarea dramatica, dar nu au neaparat o importanta in sine. Care din acestea au valoare interpretativa, numai Inspiratia poate hotari. Vazand ca in situatia de fata Inspiratia (v. 23) vorbeste doar despre timpul cand va aparea puterea reprezentata prin cornul acesta, si nu spune nimic cu privire la punctul geografic al originii ei, nu avem motive sa punem accent pe expresia ,,dintr-unul din ele”. Intrucat viziunea capitolului 8 este stransa legata cu schema profetica a capitolelor 2 si 7, si intrucat in aceste doua scheme puterea care vine dupa Grecia este Roma ( vezi comentariul la cap. 2,40; 7,7) concluzia rezonabila este ca puterea reprezentata prin ,,cornul” din v. 8 se refera tot la Roma. Interpretarea aceasta este confirmata de faptul ca Roma a implinit cu exactitate diferitele elemente ale viziunii. Un corn mic. Acest corn mic reprezinta Roma in ambele ei faze, pagana si papala. Daniel a vazut Roma mai intai in faza ei pagana, imperiala, luptandu-se impotriva poporului iudeu si a primilor crestini, si apoi in faza ei papala, dainuind pana in zilele noastre si in viitor, luptandu-se impotriva bisericii adevarate. Pentru aceasta dubla aplicatie vezi comentariul la v. 13 si 23. Nespus de mult. Ebr. yether, cu sensul de baza ,,ramasita”. In cateva cazuri descrie, ca aici, ceea ce trece de masura, in sensul de a lasa o ramasita. Mai este tradus ,,cel dintai” (Geneza 49,3), ,,aspru” [din belsug – KJV] (Psalmi 31,24), ,,si mai (mult)” (Isaia 56,12). Cuvantul tradus prin ,,nespus de” in Daniel 8,8 este me’od, cuvantul mai obisnuit pentru ,,peste masura”. In Vechiul Testament me’od este tradus de multe ori prin ,,afara din cale”, ,,foarte mare” (Geneza 13,13; 15,1; etc.) in forma lui simpla si uneori in forma lui repetata. Nu se poate sustine ca yether (Daniel 8,9) reprezinta un grad mai mare decat me’od. Orice maretie a Romei intrecand-o pe a Greciei trebuie dovedita istoric, si nu pe baza acestor cuvinte. Spre miazazi. Egiptul era de multa vreme un protectorat neoficial al Romei. Soarta lui era deja in mainile Romei la 168 i.Hr., cand lui Antioh Epifanul care voia sa se razboiasca cu Ptolemeii i s-a ordonat sa paraseasca tara. Egiptul pe cand era inca sub administratia lui ptolemaica, a constituit un pion al politicii romane rasaritene timp de multi ani inainte de a deveni, in anul 30 i.Hr., o provincie romana. Spre rasarit. Imperiul seleucid a pierdut teritoriile lui apusene in favoarea Romei inca de la 190 i.Hr., iar in cele din urma s-a transformat in provincia romana Siria in anul 65 i.Hr., sau la scurt timp dupa aceea. Tara cea minunata. Ebr. tevi, ,,podoaba”, ,,slava”. Aici se face referire fie la Ierusalim fie la tara Palestinei. Tevi este tradus ca ,,minunat” sau ,,maret” in cap. 11,16.41. Totusi acolo ebraica are si cuvantul care insemneaza ,,tara” pe cand aici ,,tara” se subintelege. Palestina a fost incorporata in Imperiul Roman in anul 63 i.Hr. |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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