Printable ModeDaniel 7:7
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7:7 Dupa aceea m-am uitat in vedeniile mele de noapte, si iata ca era o a patra fiara, nespus de grozav de inspaimantatoare si de puternica; avea niste dinti mari de fier, manca, sfarama, si calca in picioare ce mai ramanea; era cu totul deosebita de toate fiarele de mai inainte, si avea zece coarne. Fiara a patra. Compara v. 19. Probabil ca in lumea naturala nu exista nici o paralela prin care sa fie desemnata aceasta faptura hidoasa, deoarece nu se face nici o comparatie ca in cazul primelor trei fiare. N-ar trebui sa fie nici o indoiala, totusi, cu privire la faptul ca ea reprezinta aceeasi putere care este infatisata prin picioarele de fier ale chipului celui mare (vezi comentariul la cap. 2,40). Este limpede din istorie ca puterea mondiala care a urmat celui de al treilea imperiu profetic a fost Roma. Totusi, tranzitia a fost gradata asa ca este imposibil de a se indica un anumit eveniment care sa marcheze schimbarea. Dupa cum s-a spus mai inainte, imperiul lui Alexandru s-a impartit incepand cu 301 in patru (mai tarziu trei) regate elenistice (vezi comentariul la cap. 8,8), iar inlocuirea lor prin Imperiul Roman a fost un proces gradat realizat in cateva stadii principale. Scriitorii difera in incercarea de a alege un punct de trecere semnificativ. In anul 200 i.Hr., cand Cartagina nu mai era un rival (desi n-a fost distrusa decat la peste o jumatate de secol mai tarziu), Roma era stapana partilor mediteraneene de apus si incepuse sa intre in contact cu rasaritul, unde de aici inainte de asemenea urma sa devina dominanta. In anul 197 Roma a infrant Macedonia si a asezat statele grecesti sub protectia sa. In anul 190 Roma l-a infrant pe Antioh III si a ocupat teritoriul seleucid spre rasarit pana la Muntii Taurus. In anul 168, prin batalia de la Pydna, Roma a pus capat monarhiei din Macedonia, impartind teritoriul acesteia in patru confederatii; si probabil in acelasi an l-a determinat pe Antioh IV sa nu mai atace Egiptul. In anul 146 Roma anexeaza Macedonia ca provincie si aseaza majoritatea cetatilor grecesti sub conducerea guvernatorului Macedoniei. Daca stapanirea Romei asupra Rasaritului este socotita de la inlaturarea monarhilor celor trei regate elenistice, prin puterea romana, data de 168 poate fi socotita ca primul pas in acest proces. Totusi, regii seleucizi si potolemaici au ramas pe tronurile lor pana mult mai tarziu, 63 in Siria si 30 in Egipt. Daca se considera datele anexarii acestor trei regate ca provincii romane, datele ar fi respectiv 146, 64 si 30. Unii istorici scot in evidenta data de 168 datorita faptului ca Roma a cucerit Macedonia si a salvat Egiptul de a cadea sub stapanirea regatului seleucid prin simplul fapt ca a interzis invazia lui Antioh IV. Aceasta demonstra ca practic Roma controla toate cele trei regate chiar daca inca nu cucerise decat unul singur dintre ele. Cand este vorba de un proces treptat, nu se poate fixa o singura data. Fara a se tine cont de alegerea datei sau datelor celor mai semnificative, schimbarea puterii mondiale si trecerea ei la Roma este clara, iar absorbirea teritoriului lui Alexandru din Macedonia pana la Eufrat s-a incheiat in anul 30 i.Hr. Vezi articolul despre perioada inter-testamentara din Vol. V. Dinti mari de fier. Dintii enormi metalici vorbesc despre cruzimea si putere. Dupa cum fiara sfasia in bucati si isi devora prada cu acesti colti grotesti, tot asa si Roma devora natiuni si popoare prin cuceririle ei. Uneori cetati intregi au fost distruse, ca in cazul Corintului la 146 i.Hr., apoi chiar regate, ca de pilda Macedonia si dominioanele seleucide, au fost impartite in provincii. Calca in picioare ce mai ramanea. Acolo unde Roma nu nimicea sau subjuga un popor, adesea ii folosea pe oameni ca sclavi sau ii vindea ca robi. In intensitatea puterii ei de a distruge, Roma a intrecut imparatiile care condusesera lumea anterior. Zece coarne. Explicate ca fiind ,,zece imparati” (v. 24). Daca ,,cei patru imparati din v. 17 reprezinta imparatii sau regate (vezi comentariul la v. 3), paralela a celor patru imperii ale cap. 2, atunci este tot atat de logic a intelege ca acesti ,,zece imparati” sunt si ei regate, dupa cum cele patru corne ale tapului sunt ,,patru imparatii” (cap. 8,22). Invadarea succesiva a Imperiului Roman de catre numeroase triburi germanice, si inlocuirea imperiului printr-o serie de state sau monarhii separate, este o realitate istorica bine atestata. Datorita faptului ca zeci de triburi barbare au invadat Imperiul Roman, comentatorii au alcatuit liste diferite ale regatelor ce s-au intemeiat. Lista urmatoare este reprezentativa: ostrogotii, vizigotii, francii, vandalii, suevii, alemanii, anglo-saxonii, herulii, lombarzii, burgunzii. Unii prefera sa-i aseze pe huni in locul alamanilor, desi hunii au disparut de timpuriu fara sa fi lasat un regat organizat. Perioada aceasta a fost o perioada de mari rasturnari, confuzie si schimbare, timp in care un mare numar de state si-a asigurat independenta. Principalele teritorii din imperiul lui Alexandru (1) Principalele teritorii din imperiul lui Alexandru (2) |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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