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Electronic Books / Adventist / Romanian_non-diacritics / Comentarii Biblice / Web / Daniel

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Daniel 3:1


3:1 Imparatul Nebucadnetar a facut un chip de aur, inalt de saizeci de coti si lat de sase coti. L-a ridicat in valea Dura, in tinutul Babilonului.

Nebucadnetar. Nu se da nici o data pentru evenimentele acestui capitol. Numele imparatului este singurul indiciu cu privire la timpul cand au avut loc evenimentele acestea. LXX si traducerea greaca a lui Theodotion plaseaza evenimentul in cel de-al XVIII-lea an al lui Nebucadnetar. Unii invatati privesc aceasta ca o interpolare. Ei considera ca traducatorii au crezut ca statuia colosala a fost inaltata pentru a marca cucerirea finala a Ierusalimului. Cu toate acestea, cetatea aceasta nu a fost nimicita de Nebucadnetar in al XVIII-lea an al sau, ci in al XIX-lea (2Regi 25,8-10). Data de 580 i.Hr., de multa vreme data in notele marginale la KJV, este derivata din cronologia lui Ussher (vezi Vol. I, p. 179, 195) si nu are o baza istorica corespunzatoare. Ba, unii comentatori au plasat naratiunea aceasta in perioada de dupa boala lui Nebucadnetar descrisa in cap. 4, dar pozitia aceasta nu poate fi sustinuta, dupa cum se va arata.

Atat este sigur, si anume ca evenimentele povestite in capitolul acesta au avut loc mai tarziu decat cele din capitolul al II-lea, deoarece cap. 3,12.30 se refera la cap. 2,49. Mai mult, o comparatie intre discursurile de lauda ale lui Nebucadnetar din cap. 3,28-29 si cap. 4,34-37 arata ca nebunia imparatului a fost un eveniment ulterior. Istoria profana nu ne poate ajuta la fixarea datei acestui eveniment, intrucat rapoartele extra-biblice ale vremii nu mentioneaza nicaieri intamplarea. Totusi, un almanah al curtii scris in anul 570/569 i.Hr., exclude anul acesta ca fiind data posibila si arata ca este foarte improbabil ca evenimentul sa fi avut loc recent. Almanahul acesta ne da o lista a tuturor inaltilor slujbasi in functie in cursul acelui an. Nici Daniel, nici cei trei prieteni ai lui nu sunt mentionati. Intrucat evenimentul descris in Daniel 3 a avut ca urmare promovarea celor trei evrei, si intrucat n-ar parea de crezut ca ei sa fie indepartati din slujba imediat dupa promovarea lor – cel putin nu toti trei – trebuie sa fi trecut o vreme considerabila intre experienta povestita in capitolul 3 si data almanahului curtii.

Influenta pe care visul din cap. 2 a avut-o asupra evenimentelor din cap. 3 (vezi PK 504-505) sugereaza cu putere ca evenimentele capitolului 3 nu pot fi datate in ultima parte a domniei lui Nebucadnetar. Unii au sugerat anul 594/593, pentru urmatoarele motive: Data aceasta coincide cu anul al IV-lea al lui Zedechia, care in anul acela a facut o calatorie la Babilon (Ieremia 51,59). Este posibil ca aceasta calatorie sa fi fost intreprinsa ca raspuns la invitatia lui Nebucadnetar ca toti guvernatorii si toate ,,capeteniile tinuturilor” vasali (Daniel 3,2), sa se prezinte la Babilon pentru ca sa aduca omagii chipului ridicat de imparat. Zedechia, un caracter slab si nestatornic, cu greu era de asteptat sa aiba scrupule religioase de felul celor care au facut cu neputinta ca Sadrac, Mesac si Abed Nego sa asculte de porunca imparatului. Totusi, asezarea acestui eveniment pe vremea lui Zedechia nu este mai mult decat o posibilitate. Vezi mai departe SL 27.

Pentru ce Daniel nu este mentionat in povestirea aceasta este o intrebare la care nu se poate raspunde. Fie ca era bolnav, fie ca era plecat intr-o misiune importanta, nu se poate sti. Unii au presupus ca datorita incurcaturii neplacute ca lepadase solia visului, imparatul pusese la cale ca Daniel sa fie plecat cu oarecare treburi importante ale coroanei. Totusi, putem fi siguri de un lucru: daca i s-ar fi pus proba inainte, Daniel ar fi rezistat si ar fi stat tot atat de credincios ca si cei trei tovarasi ai lui.

Chip de aur. Chipul din cap. 2 reprezenta imparatia lui Nebucadnetar ca pe un cap de aur (v. 38). Nemultumit cu simbolul acesta, imparatul a facut un chip cu totul din aur din cap si pana in picioare, prin care dorea sa simbolizeze gloria perpetua si universala a imparatiei sale care sa nu fie urmata de alta de o calitate inferioara.

Saizeci de coti. Cifrele care dau masurile chipului dau marturie cu privire la folosirea sistemului sexagesimal (un sistem bazat pe cifra 60) in Babilonia, folosire atestata si de izvoarele cuneiforme. Sistemul sexagesimal de calculare a fost o inventie a babilonienilor. Sistemul are anumite avantaje fata de sistemul decimal. De exemplu 60 este exact divizibil prin 12 factori, in timp ce 100 este divizibil numai prin 9 factori. Sistemul este inca in uz la anumite masuratori, precum secunde, minute, ore etc. era deci natural ca babilonienii sa construiasca chipul acesta dupa masuratorile sistemului sexagesimal. Mentionarea detaliului acestuia da o culoare autentic babiloniana naratiunii.

Criticii au aratat spre proportiile chipului 60x6 coti (cam 26,7 x 2,7 m.) (vezi Vol. I, p. 165), ca o dovada ca istorisirea este legendara, deoarece proportiile chipului omenesc sunt 5 pe 1. Totusi, nu cunoastem infatisarea chipului. Este destul de probabil ca partea omeneasca era mai mica de 30 x 6 coti (cam 13,4 pe 2,35 m.) aflandu-se pe un piedestal inalt de 30 de coti sau mai bine, asa incat constructia, piedestal si chip, era inalta de 60 de coti. Statuia moderna a Libertatii are o inaltime totala de 104 m., dar mai mult de jumatate din ea este piedestalul; figura omeneasca este de numai 38 de m., de la calcai pana la varful capului. J. A. Montgomery observa ca cuvantul aramaic selem tradus aici prin ,,chip”, este folosit in secolul al VII-lea i.Hr., intr-o inscriptie aramaica de la Nerab, aproape de Aleppo, pentru a descrie o stella care era sculptata numai in parte. Numai partea de sus este impodobita cu relieful bustului unui corp omenesc. Deci selem, ,,chip”, nu este limitat la descrierea unui chip omenesc sau a unei alte asemanari, ci poate include si un piedestal.

Paralele la chipul acesta enorm se gasesc cu usurinta in istorie. Pausanias il descrie pe Appolo Amyclean, o coloana subtire prevazuta cu cap, brate si picioare, in forma de om. Asa-numitii Colosi ai lui Memnon din vechea Teba in Egiptul de Sus, in realitate reprezentari ale imparatului Amenhotep III, erau facuti din piatra. Ruinele ambelor statui inca mai exista, iar una este inalta de 19,8 m.. Cea mai buna paralela din antichitate este probabil Colosul din Rhodos reprezentandu-l pe zeul Helios. A fost construit din materialul de razboi lasat pe loc atunci cand Dem.os Poliorcetes a condus asediul fara succes impotriva insulei in anul 305 i.Hr. Colosul a fost zidit in decursul a 12 ani. A fost construit din placi metalice care acopereau un schelet de sustinere si atingea o inaltime de 70 de coti, cu 10 coti mai inalt decat chipul lui Nebucadnetar. In anul 224 i.Hr., un cutremur a daramat colosul. Dupa aceea a zacut aproape 900 de ani in ruine, pana cand Sarazinii l-au vandut ca deseuri metalice. Evreul care l-a cumparat l-a facut bucati si probabil a transformat din nou metalul in arme de razboi.

Valea Dura. Numele campiei acesteia supravietuieste in numele unui afluent al Eufratului numit Nahr Dura, care se varsa in Eufrat cam la 8 km mai jos de Hilla. Cateva dealuri invecinate poarta si ele numele Dura. Dupa o traditie care circula printre locuitorii Irakului modern, evenimentele descrise in capitolul 3 au avut loc la Kirkuk, care acum este centrul terenurilor petrolifere din Irak. Traditia a aparut poate pentru ca inainte scapau gaze inflamabile prin crapaturile pamantului din partile acelea, cum si pentru ca acolo se a gasea o mare cantitate de material combustibil ca petrolul si asfaltul. Fireste ca traditia aceasta trebuie respinsa. Intamplarea s-a petrecut in apropiere de Babilon. Dura se afla ,,in tinutul Babilonului”.


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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here. Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.

Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.

1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.

2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.

3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.

4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).

5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.

6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.

7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.

8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.


How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones

It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.

A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).

The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version. Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain the software to be installed on your mobile phone.

I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing, to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.

There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor) files. These JAD files has to be uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).

There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid

Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of the software.


1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
 

If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is enough to access https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/  from the browser of the mobile phone, and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more). After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile phone.

Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.

2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.

If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared port of the computer (preferable laptop).

c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g. on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have larger fonts, full screen display etc.

3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check if exists).

4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:

a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next, you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the JAR desired file.

5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to download and run Java applications.


Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific models.

Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).

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Source: Text from read this link, compiled by biblephone2008@gmail.com





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