Printable ModeDaniel 11:2
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11:2 Acum, iti voi face cunoscut adevarul: Iata ca vor mai fi inca trei imparati in Persia. Cel de al patrulea va strange mai multa bogatie decat toti ceilalti; si cand se va simti puternic prin bogatiile lui, va rascula totul impotriva imparatiei Greciei. Adevarul. Partea principala a celei de-a patra mari descoperiri din Daniel incepe cu versetul acesta. Tot ce este inainte, de la cap. 10,1 pana la 11,1 reprezinta cadrul si introducerea. Trei imparati in Persia. Intrucat viziunea aceasta i-a fost data lui Daniel in anul al treilea al lui Cir (cap. 10,1), referirea este fara indoiala la cei trei imparati care i-au urmat lui Cir pe tronul Persiei. Acestia au fost: Cambises (530-522 i.Hr.), falsul Smerdis (Gaumata, al carui nume babilonian a fost Bardiya; vezi Vol. III, p. 348, 349), un uzurpator (522 i.Hr.), si Darius I (522-486 i.Hr.). Al patrulea. Comentatorii sunt in general de acord ca contextul il desemneaza pe Xerxe ca fiind ,,al patrulea” imparat, dar variaza in ce priveste enumerarea diferitilor imparati la care se face referire in versetul acesta. Unii sustin ca ,,al patrulea” imparat astfel desemnat a fost de fapt ultimul din cei trei care mai avea sa ,,fie”. Ei il considera pe Cir ca fiind primul din cei patru, si il omit pe falsul Smerdis, deoarece el nu facea parte din linia legitima si a obtinut tronul pentru doar cateva luni. Altii il omit pe Cir ca fiind primul din cei patru si il includ pe falsul Smerdis ca fiind unul din cei trei care avea sa-i urmeze. Oricum Xerxe este al patrulea. Totusi, cea de-a doua din cele doua conceptii ar parea sa reprezinte mai apropiat sensul natural al contextului. Mai multa bogatie. Sau ,,mult mai bogat”. Xerxe trebuie sa identificat cu Ahasveros din cartea Estera (vezi Vol. III, p. 459; vezi si Estera 1,1). Despre el se raporteaza ca era deosebit de mandru de ,,bogatia stralucita a imparatiei lui” (vezi Estera 1,4.6.7). Herodot, care a scris pe larg despre Xerxe, ne lasa un raport viu si amanuntit al puterii sale militare (vii, 20, 21, 40, 41, 61-80). Va rascula totul. Sau ,,Ii va atata pe toti”. Pasajul acesta poate fi tradus in doua feluri deosebite. Asa cum este tradus de Cornilescu, a fost considerat ca insemnand ca Xerxe va rascula natiunile lumii impotriva Greciei. Ca acest lucru s-a intamplat este un fapt istoric bine cunoscut. Pe vremea lui Xerxe, peninsula grecilor ramasese singurul teritoriu important din Mediterana rasariteana care nu era sub dominatie persana. In anul 490 i.Hr., Darius cel Mare, predecesorul lui Xerxe, pe cand incerca sa-i subjuge pe greci a fost oprit la Maraton. O data cu urcarea pe tron a lui Xerxe, s-au facut noi planuri pe scara larga si cu un buget amplu pentru cucerirea Greciei. Herodot (vii. 61-80) enumera peste 40 de natiuni care au oferit trupe pentru ostirea lui Xerxe. In armata aceasta vasta se gaseau ostasi din tari foarte departate unele de altele cum ar fi India, Etiopia, Arabia si Armenia. Chiar si cartaginezii se pare ca au fost atrasi sa participe la asalt atacand colonia greaca a Siracuzei din Sicilia. In anul 480 i.Hr., vastul imperiu persan s-a ridicat cu ostirile sale impotriva grecilor. Cetatile-state grecesti, atat de des luptandu-se unele cu altele, s-au unit pentru a-si salva libertatea. La inceput au suferit cateva infrangeri. Au fost biruiti la Termopile, iar Atena a fost ocupata si in parte arsa de catre persi. Apoi s-a intors roata. Flota greaca, sub conducerea lui Themistocles, s-a gasit prinsa de catre unitatile navale superioare ale persilor in golful Salamina, pe coasta Aticei, nu departe de Atena. La scurt timp dupa inceputul bataliei s-a vazut ca corabiile persane erau in formatii prea stranse ca sa poata manevra in mod eficient. Sub atacurile violente ale grecilor multe au fost scufundate, si n-a scapat decat o parte din flota. O data cu victoria aceasta a grecilor fortele navale ale persilor au fost eliminate din lupta pentru cucerirea Greciei. In anul urmator, 479 i.Hr., grecii au infrant in mod decisiv trupele Persiei la Plataea si le-au alungat pentru totdeauna de pe teritoriul grec. Exprimarea din textul acesta corespunde izbitor faptului ca Xerxe a rasculat ,,totul impotriva Greciei”. Dar este posibil sa traducem cuvintele ebraice oarecum obscure ale acestui pasaj si intr-un fel oarecum diferit. Problema este daca ebraicul ‘eth, tradus aici ,,impotriva”, trebuie sa fie inteles ca o prepozitie care insemneaza ,,impotriva”, sau ca un semn ca verbul este in forma directa. Este o realitate si ca ‘eth este uneori folosit in felul acesta impreuna cu alte verbe care denota cearta sau lupta (vezi Geneza 14,2). Dar este o realitate si ca verbul tradus aici ,,va rascula” apare de 12 alte ori in Vechiul Testament urmat de ‘eth, iar in fiecare din aceste cazuri textul arata clar ca ‘eth trebuie sa fie luat ca un complement direct. Daca ‘eth este luat aici in forma aceasta pasajul spune: ,,El va rascula intreaga imparatie a Greciei”. Daca se prefera aceasta ultima traducere, este rezonabila urmatoarea interpretare: Din punctul de vedere al istoriei omenirii in linii mari, razboiul dintre Persia si Grecia constituie una din marile epoci istorice. Istoria ulterioara a Europei, si a lumii, ar fi putut sa fie mult diferita daca bataliile de la Salamina si Plataea s-ar fi incheiat cu un rezultat diferit. Civilizatia apuseana, pe atunci marginita cu totul numai la patria ei, Grecia, a izbutit sa scape de a fi inghitita de catre despotismul oriental. Statele grecesti au dobandit astfel un sentiment al unitatii pe care nu-l avusesera inainte. Victoria de la Salamina a dovedit Atenei importanta puterii maritime, iar in curand cetatea s-a asezat in fruntea unui imperiu maritim. Vazuta in lumina aceasta, ultima propozitie din Daniel 11,2 constituie un cadru corespunzator pentru cap. 11,3. Grecia. Ebr. Yawan, transliterat ,,Iavan” in Geneza 10,2 (vezi comentariul de acolo). Grecii, sau Ionienii, erau descendentii lui Iavan. Vezi comentariul la Daniel 2,39. |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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