Printable ModeDaniel 1:1
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1:1 In al treilea an al domniei lui Ioiachim, imparatul lui Iuda, Nebucadnetar, imparatul Babilonului, a venit impotriva Ierusalimului, si l-a impresurat. Al treilea an. Pe temeiul sincronismelor biblice care coreleaza domniile catorva imparati ai lui Iuda cu aceea a lui Nebucadnetar, ai carui ani de domnie au fost precizati pe cale astronomica, anul al III-lea al lui Ioiachim a durat, potrivit calendarului iudaic, din toamna anului 606 pana in toamna anului 605 i.Hr. (vezi Vol. II, p. 160; Vol. III, p. 91). De aici deducem ca evenimentele raportate in versetul acesta si in cel urmator trebuie sa se fi petrecut candva in cursul anului civil iudaic inceput in toamna lui 606 si incheiat in toamna lui 605 i.Hr. Inainte ca sistemele antice de calculare a anilor de domnie sa fie intelese, versetul acesta aducea comentatorilor o problema invincibila datorita contradictiei aparente cu Ieremia 25,1. Ca urmare a descoperirilor arheologice moderne toate dificultatile istorice si cronologice asupra acestui aspect au disparut, iar dovezile ofera un tipar pe deplin armonios (vezi p. 747). Integritatea Raportului Sacru a fost inca o data justificata (vezi p. 746). Ioiachim a fost al doilea fiu al Iosia. Atunci cand Iosia si-a pierdut viata la Meghido, poporul la pus pe Ioahaz, al patrulea fiu al lui Iosia (vezi comentariul la 1Cronici 3,15), domn in locul tatalui sau. Dupa ce Ioahaz a domnit trei luni, Neco din Egipt, la intoarcerea sa din prima sa campanie in Mesopotamia, l-a detronat si l-a asezat pe Ioiachim pe scaunul de domnie (2Regi 23,29-34). Noul carmuitor a lui Iuda al carui nume a fost schimbat de imparatul egiptean din Eliachim, ,,Dumnezeul meu inalta”, in Ioiachim, ,,Iehova inalta” a fost constrans sa plateasca Egiptului un greu tribut (2Regi 23,34.35), dar pare sa se fi multumit sa fie loial suveranul sau egiptean. 2. Nebucadnetar. Ebr. Nebukadne’ssar, transliterarea comuna a babilonianului Nabu-kudurri-usur, insemnand ,,Fie ca (zeul) Nabu sa protejeze fiul”, sau ,,Fie ca (zeul) Nabu sa protejeze piatra mea de hotar”. Forma Nebukadne’ssar (Nebucadnetar) apare mai des in Biblia ebraica decat forma ortografica mai corecta Nebukadre’ssari (Nebucadretar) (vezi Ieremia 21,2; Ezechiel 26,7, etc.). Izvoarele grecesti prezinta aceeasi inlocuire reciproca intre n si r. LXX reda numele sub forma Nabuchodonosor; dar ortografia Nabokodrosoros apare in operele lui Strabo si ca o varianta la Iosif Flavius. Prezenta lui Nebucadnetar in Palestina la inceputul verii anului 605 i.Hr., asa cum arata Daniel 1,1, este confirmata de doua rapoarte babiloniene: 1) o relatare a istoricului Berosus, a carui opera pierduta este citata cu privire la acest eveniment de Iosif Flavius in Impotriva lui Apion (1.19). Si 2) o portiune a unei cronici babiloniene necunoscuta pana acum (D. J. Wiseman, editor, Chronicles of Chaldaean Kings, 1956), care acopera intreaga domnie a lui Nabopolasar si primii 11 ani ai fiului acestuia, Nebucadnetar. Berosus, asa cum il citeaza Iosif Flavius, relateaza ca Nebucadnetar a primit porunca de la tatal sau Nabopolasar, sa inabuse o revolta din Egipt, Fenicia si Celo-Siria. Dupa ce si-a adus misiunea la indeplinire, dar pe cand inca se afla in apus, a primit vestea mortii tatalui sau. Lasandu-i pe captivi – intre care sunt mentionati si iudei – in mainile generalilor sai, el s-a grabit sa se inapoieze la Babilon pe calea scurta a pustiei, cat mai repede cu putinta. Graba aceasta se datora fara indoiala dorintei de a preveni impiedica vreun uzurpator sa ocupe tronul. Berosus spune ca Nebucadnetar i-a lasat pe captivii iudei impreuna cu generalii sai atunci cand s-a intors in graba in Babilon. Daniel si prietenii sai trebuie sa fi fost printre acesti captivi. Afirmatia din Daniel 1,1.2 si aceea a lui Berosus au fost singurele rapoarte antice cunoscute care vorbesc despre aceasta campanie a lui Nebucadnetar pana la descoperirea acestei cronici, un raport an cu an care ofera in premiera date exacte pentru urcarea pe tron si moartea lui Nabopolasar, urcarea pe tron a lui Nebucadnetar si prinderea regelui lui Iuda, evident Ioiachin, opt ani mai tarziu (plaseaza si moartea lui Iosia in 609, iar batalia de la Carchemis in 605). Anterior urcarea pe tron a lui Nebucadnetar fusese datata cu aproximatie in august 605, prin datele documentelor de pe tablitele de lut din Babilonia (vezi Vol. III, p. 86, 87), din moment ce ultima din cel de-al XXI-lea an al lui Nabopolasar purta o data corespunzand cu 8 august, iar prima dintr-o noua domnie (fara sa se socoteasca una stabilita anterior pentru iulie-august, insa acum pentru octombrie) a fost scrisa in septembrie. Insa cronica da chiar ziua exacta. Ea ne spune cum, in cel de-al XXI-lea an al tatalui sau, Nebucadnetar i-a infrans in mod decisiv pe egipteni la Carchemis si a supus tinutul Hattiland (siropalestinian); apoi, auzind de moartea tatalui sau pe 8 Ab (aproximativ 15 august), el s-a grabit spre Babilon si s-a suit pe tron pe 1 Elul (aproximativ 7 septembrie). Mai tarziu in cursul anului de urcare pe tron si din nou in primul sau an (care a inceput in primavara lui 604) el s-a intors in apus si a primit tribut de la regii vasali. Aceasta explica cum Daniel a fost luat rob in anul al III-lea al lui Ioiachim, an care il preceda pe primul an al lui Nebucadnetar (vezi p. 747). Imparatul Babilonului. Atunci cand Nebucadnetar a venit impotriva Ierusalimului in al III-lea an al lui Ioiachim, cu cateva saptamani sau cel mult cateva luni inainte de moartea tatalui sau, el nu era inca imparat. Dar Daniel, raportand aceste evenimente, probabil in anul intai al lui Cir (v. 21), la vreo 70 de ani dupa ce evenimentele descrise se petrecusera, il numeste pe Nebucadnetar ,,Imparatul Babilonului”. Cand Daniel a sosit la Babilon ca tanar captiv, Nebucadnetar deja ajunsese imparat. De atunci el l-a vazut pe Nebucadnetar domnind timp de 43 de ani. De aceea pare cu totul natural ca Daniel sa se refere la el ca ,,imparat”. Pe de alta parte, nu este imposibil, desi pare improbabil, ca Daniel sa fi fost prins in scurtul interval dintre moartea lui Nabopolasar si intoarcerea lui Nebucadnetar la Babilon. |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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