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Electronic Books / Adventist / Romanian_non-diacritics / Comentarii Biblice / Web / Faptele Apostolilor

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Faptele Apostolilor 3:19


3:19 Pocaiti-va dar, si intoarceti-va la Dumnezeu, pentru ca sa vi se stearga pacatele, ca sa vina de la Domnul vremurile de inviorare,

Pocaiti-va. Gr. metanoeo, ,,a-si schimba mintea”, si intr-un sens spiritual, ,,a se pocai” (vezi Matei 3,2). Aceasta chemare la pocainta este culminarea logica la aspra mustrare a acuzatorilor sai de catre Petru. O atare mustrare nu ar avea nici un rost, daca nu ar fi fost intentionata sa produca pocainta. Asa stau de fapt lucrurile cu orice predicare a Evangheliei.

Intoarceti-va. Gr. epistrepho, ,,a se intoarce imprejur”. In LXX cuvantul acesta e folosit adesea pentru a traduce ebr. shub, ,,a reveni”, ,,a se intoarce”, un cuvant care adesea are sensul spiritual de a reveni la Dumnezeu (vezi Exod 18,30). Epistrepho e un cuvant deosebit de potrivit pentru schimbarea care are loc cand cineva primeste pe Hristos ca Mantuitor si Imparat, si Luca il foloseste de repetate ori in sensul acesta (vezi Fapte 9,35; 11,21; 26,20). Convertirea este baza unei adevarate experiente crestine. Ea se deosebeste de renastere (Ioan 3,3-5) numai prin faptul ca poate fi considerata ca un act al omului de a se intoarce de la vechea lui viata de pacate, pe cand nasterea din nou sau renasterea, este lucrarea Duhului Sfant asupra omului simultan cu intoarcerea lui. Niciuna din fazele experientei nu poate fi o realitate fara Duhul Sfant. Dar Duhul Sfant nu-Si poate face lucrarea pana cand omul nu e dispus sa ingaduie lui Dumnezeu sa puna stapanire pe viata lui (vezi Apoc.3,20).

Stearga. [,,Sa fie sterse”, Nitz]. De repetate ori in Scriptura iertarea pacatului e zugravita ca o spalare (vezi Ioan 13,10; Apoc.1,5; vezi Apoc.22,14). Ideea stergerii pacatului e similara. Imaginea care poate sa stea la baza cuvintelor de aici e aceea a unei acuzari care catalogheaza pacatele penitentului si pe care iubirea iertatoare a Tatalui o anuleaza (vezi Isaia 43,25; Col. 2,14; vezi Matei 1,21; 3,6; 26,28; Luca 3,3).

Rezultatul imediat pentru aceia care au acceptat chemarea lui Petru la pocainta a fost iertarea pacatelor. In sensul acesta, stergerea pacatelor lor poate fi primita ca avand loc imediat. In ultima instanta, stergerea finala a pacatului are loc chiar inainte de a doua venire a lui Hristos. In legatura cu incheierea lucrarii lui Hristos ca Mare Preot (vezi mai jos la ,,ca sa”, ,,cand”). Vinovatia pentru anumite pacate este anulata cand ele sunt marturisite si iertate; ele sunt sterse din raport in ziua judecatii (cf. Ezec.3,20; 18,24; 33,13; GC 485).

Ca sa. [,,Cand”, KJV; ,,Ca sa”, Nitz]. Gr. hopos an, ,,asa ca sa”. Lexicografii si gramaticienii sunt unanimi ca hopos an arata mai de graba scopul decat timpul. Hopos, cu sau fara an (sensul nu e distins), apare de 56 de ori in NT, si numai aici e tradus [in KJV] ,,cand”. In alta parte e tradus ,,cum” (Matei 22,15; Luca 24,20), ,,asa ca” (Luca 16,26), dar in cele mai multe cazuri e tradus ,,ca sa”, sau prin alta expresie de scop (Fapte 8,5; 9,12.17.24; Rom. 3,4; etc.). Nicaieri traducatorii lui KJV nu introduc un element de timp decat in Fapte 3,19. Asa ca pasajul de fata ar trebui sa zica ,,asa ca”, [,,ca sa] si nu ,,cand”. Felul de exprimare din KJV pare sa fi aparut in felul urmator: Din versiunile latine cele mai timpurii reiese ca au tradus corect pe hopos an prin ut, care in latina, cand e folosit ca o conjunctie, adesea inseamna ,,asa ca”. Totusi, ut este oarecum ambiguu deoarece, intr-o expresie temporala, poate insemna ,,cand”. Copisti de mai tarziu, citind pasajul, pare ca aveau indoiala cu privire la intelesul care trebuia sa fie dat lui ut aici. Unii, gandind ca era intentionat intelesul adverbial, au schimbat cuvantul in cum, ,,cand”, sau au inserat pe cum la margine spre a calauzi pe cititor la interpretarea versetului. Asa ca unele texte latine spun cum, ,,cand”, in loc de ut. Altii, inclusiv editiile obisnuite ale Vulgatei, au o exprimare dezvoltata, ut cum, ,,asa ca atunci cand”, care probabil a aparut prin incorporarea glosei marginale, cum, in text fara a lasa la o parte pe ut. Insa o astfel de exprimare nu da un sens gramatical clar. Totusi se gaseste in cele mai multe texte latine medievale tarzii, si din acestea a fost luat in Biblia engleza cea mai timpurie. La fel, traducerea lui Wycliffe (1382), facuta dupa Vulgata, zice: ,,Ca pacatele voastre sa fie indepartate, ca atunci vor veni timpurile reinviorarii prin fata Domnului nostru”. Tyndale (1534) a pus bine gramatical pasajul, dar a produs o traducere gresita: ,,Ca pacatele voastre sa poata fi indepartate, cand vine timpul inviorarii pe care il vom avea de la prezenta Domnului”. Aceasta redare a lui hopos an ca fiind ,,cand”, a trecut in KJV. Totusi, versiunea greaca trebuie sa fie tradusa: ,,ca pacatele noastre sa poata fi sterse, ca sa poata veni timpul de reinviorare de la fata Domnului” (RSV).

Convertirea pacatosilor are putere de a grabi implinirea scopurilor lui Dumnezeu si deci sa grabeasca venirea imparatiei Sale in deplinatatea ei.

Desi e adevarat ca versiunea greaca la acest pasaj nu contine calitatea temporala pe care o sugereaza exprimarea din KJV, totusi un studiu al textelor inrudite da la iveala ca aici e prezentata de Petru o oarecare succesiune de timp. El invita pe ascultatorii sai sa se pocaiasca” si sa se ,,intoarca”. Actele acestea, spunea el, aveau sa fie urmate de 1) stergerea pacatelor lor, 2) venirea ,,vremurilor de inviorare”, si 3) aratarea in slava a lui Isus Hristos.

In orice tratare a succesiunii de timp in cuvintele lui Petru trebuie sa fie retinute doua puncte: 1) In comun cu ceilalti ucenici, Petru nu cunostea ,,vremurile sau soroacele” (Fapte 1,7 cf. Ioan 21,20-23). El avea o vedere limitata a viitorului, si cu bucurie nadajduia in apropiata revenire a Domnului sau (vezi Nota Aditionala la Rom.13). 2) Prin iluminare divina, Petru a vazut ca anumite profetii ale zilelor de pe urma aveau o implinire in vremea lui. Intr-adevar, iluminarea lui se poate sa-l fi facut in stare sa vada numai aceasta implinire imediata si care s-a dovedit a fi o implinire limitata, desi punctul acesta nu e vital pentru discutia aceasta. De pilda, in Ziua Cincizecimii el a declarat ca profetia lui Ioel, ,,in zilele de pe urma” Dumnezeu urma sa toarne Duhul Sau peste toata faptura [,,orice faptura”], isi gasea atunci o implinire (Fapte 2,14-18). Intr-adevar aceasta era o implinire limitata a profetiei cu privire la o revarsare dumnezeiasca. Mai era adevarat, asa cum deja s-a afirmat, ca intr-un anumit sens al cuvantului pacatele celor convertiti erau sterse atunci, deoarece erau acoperite de sangele salvator al lui Isus Hristos.

Dar in perspectiva planurilor in desfasurare ale lui Dumnezeu, mai ales a profetiei care se implineste, putem vedea acum ca in sensul cel mai literal si deplin ,,zilele de pe urma” sunt zilele noastre prezente si ca acum putem astepta pe buna dreptate venirea lui Hristos. La fel, vedem ca marea revarsare a Duhului lui Dumnezeu, marile ,,timpuri de reinviorare”, apartin mai ales zilelor noastre, zilele ,,ploii tarzii” (vezi Ioel 2,23). Ce ocazie minunata putem vedea – si de fapt ar trebui sa vedem – stergerea pacatelor ca apartinand vremii noastre. Pentru ce ar trebui sa o separam de celelalte doua evenimente despre care Petru spunea ca urmeaza sa aiba loc? Intr-adevar cand studiem subiectul acesta al stergerii pacatelor in cadrul lucrarii lui Hristos in sanctuarul ceresc (vezi Dan. 8,14), descoperim ca stergerea faptica a pacatelor are loc in ultimele zile ale istoriei pamantului, predicand imediat venirea lui Hristos (vezi PP 357,358; GC 421,422; vezi Ezechiel 18,24). Ca aceste trei evenimente sunt legate laolalta e facut mai evident de RSV: ,,Pocaiti-va dar, si intoarceti-va din nou, ca pacatele voastre sa poata fi sterse, ca timpuri de reinviorare sa poata veni de la fata Domnului si ca El sa poata trimite pe Hristos” (Fapte 3,19.20).

In felul acesta devine evident ca afirmatia lui Petru (vers.19) luata ca un tot, contine un element foarte precis de timp. Evident, Petru, vorbind prin inspiratie si dincolo de propria sa intelegere marginita, se refera precis la doua mari evenimente ale ultimelor zile ale pamantului – 1) mare revarsare a Duhului lui Dumnezeu si 2) stergerea finala a pacatelor celor drepti – care sunt legate de un al treilea eveniment culminant – a doua venire a Domnului Hristos.

De la Domnul. [,,De la prezenta”, KJV; ,,De la fata Domnului”, Nitz]. Literal, ,,de la fata”. ,,Inviorarea” vine direct de la tronul lui Dumnezeu.


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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here. Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.

Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.

1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.

2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.

3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.

4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).

5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.

6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.

7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.

8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.


How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones

It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.

A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).

The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version. Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain the software to be installed on your mobile phone.

I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing, to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.

There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor) files. These JAD files has to be uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).

There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid

Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of the software.


1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
 

If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is enough to access https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/  from the browser of the mobile phone, and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more). After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile phone.

Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.

2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.

If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared port of the computer (preferable laptop).

c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g. on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have larger fonts, full screen display etc.

3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check if exists).

4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:

a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next, you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the JAR desired file.

5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to download and run Java applications.


Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific models.

Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).

Multilingual Online Ebooks

It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.


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Source: Text from read this link, compiled by biblephone2008@gmail.com





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