Printable ModeFaptele Apostolilor 18:2
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18:2 Acolo a gasit pe un Iudeu, numit Acuila, de neam din Pont, venit de curand din Italia, cu nevasta sa Priscila, de oarece Claudiu poruncise ca toti Iudeii sa plece din Roma. A venit la ei. Acuila. Un nume latin, insemnand ,,vultur”, al carui echivalent grec este Akulas. Onkelos, probabil o alta forma modificata, a fost purtat de scriitorul traditional al targumurilor iudaice (vezi Vol. V, p. 95, 96). Era o tendinta comuna a iudeilor cand traiau in tari pagane sa ia nume derivate de la animale. De neam din Pont. [Nascut in Pont, KJV.] Literal, ,,un om din Pont, dupa neam.” Provinciile din Asia Mica abundau in familiile iudaice din Diaspora, cum se vede pretutindeni in Faptele Apostolilor (vezi Fapte 2,9,10; cf. 1 Petru 1,1). Unii iudei din Pont fusesera la Ierusalim, cu ocazia Zilei Cincizecimii (Fapte 2,9). Pontul a ajuns sub stapanirea romana cand regele lui, Mitriade, a fost infrant de Pompei, cam cu un secol inainte de data aceasta. Venit de curand din Italia. Vezi mai jos, la ,,Claudiu poruncise”. Priscila. Numele apare in alta parte (2 Timotei 4,19; cf. textul cel mai bine atestat grec la Romani 16,3; 1 Corinteni 16,19) in forma de Prisca, al carui diminutiv este. Prisca probabil reflecta legatura cu gens sau clanul Prisci-lor care, din cele mai vechi timpuri romane, dadusera statuluicetate o lunga serie de pretori si consuli. Casatoria lui Acuila cu Priscila ar putea fi un exemplu deci de influenta iudeilor culti in mijlocul clasei superioare de femei la Roma. Plasarea numelui Priscilei mai intai (Fapte 18,18; Romani 16,3; 2 Timotei 4,19) ar fi explicat daca era romana de neam nobil. Faptul ca ea participa la instruirea lui Apolo (vezi Fapte 18,26) sugereaza ca era o femeie culta. Intrebare daca aceste doua persoane erau convertiti ai lui Pavel nu poate fi deplin clarificata, dar anumite fapte sugereaza ca nu: 1) Raportul tace cu privire la faptul ca ei ar fi ascultat vreodata pe Pavel, asa cum facuse Lidia (cap. 18,14), un lucru pe care Luca nu l-ar fi omis, daca ar fi avut loc. 2) Faptul ca Pavel, fara sa ezite, li se alaturase (cap. 18,3) chiar inainte de a fi inceput sa predice in sinagoga ar fi putut lasa sa se inteleaga o atitudine plina de simpatie din partea lor. Claudiu poruncise. Raportul expulzarii iudeilor din cetatea Romei (vezi p. 80) e dat de Suetoniu, in cuvintele acestea, ,,Intrucat iudeii dadeau fara incetare nastere la tulburari, la instigatia lui Chrestus, el [Claudiu] i-a expulzat din Roma.” (Lives of the Caesars, v. 25. 4; ed. Oeb, Suetonius, vol. 2, p. 53). O colonie considerabila de iudei era stabilita in cetatea Romei, pe vremurile acelea, la poalele Dealului Janiculum (vezi harta p. 462). Ei exercitau o considerabila influenta asupra claselor superioare din Roma; aveau propriile lor sinagogi si locuri de rugaciune (vezi cap. 16,13); erau tolerati ca o religia licita (religie legal recunoscuta); si intretineau propriile lor cimitire, pe Calea Apia. Porunca de a-i expulza din Roma pare sa fi fost brusca; Suetoniu gandea ca un om cu numele, in latineste, ,,Chrestus”, era legat de acea porunca. Cu privire la acest om, Suetoniu nu relateaza nimic mai departe. Dar pe vremea aceea, sunetele din greceste ,,i” si ,,e” puteau sa fie cu greu distinse si Tertullian (Apologia iii. 5) spune ca numele grecesc Christos era adesea pronuntat la fel cu Chrestos, ,,bun”, ,,folositor” sau ,,amabil”. O explicatie cu putinta a decretului lui Claudiu e ca venisera crestini la Roma, dupa Ziua Cincizecimii si rezultase tumult ca acela de la Antiohia din Pisidia (cap. 13,50), de la Listra (cap. 14,19), de la Tesalonic (cap. 17,5-8) si de la Berea (cap. 17,13). Numele lui Hristos era in mare masura pe buzele atat ale celor care primeau, cat si ale celor care respingeau pretentia Lui de a fi Mesia. De aceea, dregatorii romani, care, ca si Galion, pareau ca nu le pasa de chestiuni privitoare la nume si cuvinte (cap. 18,15), ar fi tras usor concluzia ca Hristos era conducatorul uneia din partide si puteau asuma (ca la Tesalonic, cap. 17,7) ca El pretindea ca e un pretendent regal la un tron pamantesc. Explicatia aceasta ar lamuri confuzia cu privire la nume si decretul de expulzare (vezi Vol. V, p. 71). Acuila si sotia lui fusesera la Roma pana la expulzare si, intrucat multi dintre iudeii din Roma sau descendentii lor erau oameni eliberati din robie (vezi cap. 6,9), e probabil ca Acuila sau parintii lui sa fi facut parte din categoria acestora. Acuila si Priscila sunt amintiti mai tarziu (Romani 16,13) ca si cum s-ar fi inapoiat la Roma. Daca au facut-o, lucrul acesta s-a petrecut dupa de fusesera cu Pavel la Efes, deoarece ei erau cu el cand a scris prima sa epistola catre corinteni (1 Corinteni 16,19) si casa in care locuiau acolo, era pusa in serviciul crestinilor din Efeseni Daca Timotei era la Efes cand Pavel i-a adresat a doua lui epistola, ei se mai gaseau inca acolo (2 Timotei 4,19). Nimic mai mult nu se mai cunoaste despre viata si faptele lor. In ce priveste cine au fost primii predicatori in Roma, se poate forma o parere in cadrul urmatoarelor date: 1) nu se putea sa fi trecut douazeci si cinci de ani de la Ziua Cincizecimii, fara ca iudeii din Roma sa nu fi primit oarecare vesti precise cu privire la intamplarile din Palestina, unde Evanghelia era predicata cu remarcabil succes; 2) printre cei care fusesera de fata la Ziua Cincizecimii fusesera ,,oaspeti din Roma, iudei sau prozeliti” (Fapte 2,10); 3) printre iudeii elenisti care au avut disputa cu Stefan erau eliberati [,,izbaviti”] din Roma si Stefan insusi s-ar fi putut sa fi apartinut acestei categorii (vezi cap. 6,5.9); 4) Andronic si Iustia, carora Pavel le-a trimis salutari, fusesera ,,in Hristos” inainte de el (Romani 16,7). Printre acestia s-ar cuveni sa se caute intemeietorii bisericii din Roma si nu la apostolul Petru, caruia traditia ii atribuie aceasta onoare. Totul arata ca teologia crestinilor din Roma era la fel ca marile principii trasate de Stefan, a carui intelegere a Evangheliei l-a influentat pe Pavel. Lucrul ar ajuta sa se explice de ce Acuila si Priscila au gasit cu cale atat de usor sa primeasca pe Pavel in Corint. E cu putinta ca multi dintre cei numiti de Pavel in Romani 16,3-15 sa fi fost expulzati din Roma, sub Claudiu, si mai apoi sa inapoiasera. |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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