Printable ModeFaptele Apostolilor 17:23
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17:23 Caci, pe cand strabateam cetatea voastra si ma uitam de aproape la lucrurile la care va inchinati voi, am descoperit chiar si un altar, pe care este scris: Unui Dumnezeu necunoscut! Ei bine, ceea ce voi cinstiti, fara sa cunoasteti, aceea va vestesc eu. Strabateam. [Treceam pe alaturi, KJV.] Mai degraba, ,,treceam prin”, adica cetate, fie in plimbare pe indelete, fie cand a intrat in cetate si a patruns catre centrul ei. Ma uitam. Gr. anatheoreo ,,a privi cu atentie”, ,,a observa cu bagare de seama”. Lucrurile la care va inchinati. [Devotionale, KJV.] Gr. sebasmata, ,,obiecte de cult”, mai degraba, decat ,,acte de cult”. Pavel vazuse si studiase multe din numeroasele lor statui si inscriptii. Cu politete, el identifica aceste sculpturi ale zeitatilor atenienilor, ca obiectele lor de cult. In felul acesta, el a cautat sa creeze bunavointa de la inceput, ca sa poata obtine o ascultare continua. El era atent la castigarea si mentinerea interesului ascultatorilor lui. Am descoperit chiar si un altar. Greaca are o conjunctie emfatica intre cuvintele ,,descoperit” si ,,un altar”, asa incat expresia ar trebui sa spuna, ,,am gasit chiar si un altar”, adica pe langa multimea obiectelor deja notate. Cuvantul grecesc pentru ,,altar” (bomos) e folosit numai aici, in NT, dar apare in LXX, unde uneori se refera la altare paganesti (Exod 34,13; Num. 23,1; Deuteronom 7,5). Pe care este scris. [Cu aceasta inscriptie, KJV.] Literal ,,pe care fusese scris”. Unui Dumnezeu necunoscut. Gr. agnosto theo ,,unui Dumnezeu necunoscut”. Aceasta atribuire neobisnuita a fost in centrul multor discutii. Unii s-au indoit de existenta unui altar cu o astfel de inscriptie, iar altii au gandit ca Pavel sau Luca se refereau la o inscriptie scrisa la singular care a fost gasita scrisa la plural, adica ,,dumnezeilor necunoscuti”. O solutionare logica a problemei poate fi gasita intr-o considerare a unor vechi referiri la altare, purtand aceeasi inscriptie. Patru din acestea pot fi mentionate, (1) Pausanius (c. anul 150 d.Hr.) spune ca pe drumul de la Phaleron, unul din porturile Atenei, erau altare pentru dumnezei care erau numiti necunoscuti (i. 1. 4); (2) acelasi scriitor relateaza ca la Olimpia era un altar pentru dumnezei necunoscuti (i. 14. 8); (3) Diogene Laërtius (i. 110.) un scriitor de pe la inceputul sec. al III-lea, spune cum Epimenides din Creta fusese invitat sa ajute Atena pe vremea marii ciume. Cretanul a dus cateva oi negre si cateva albe la Areopag si le-a dat drumul sa umble libere prin cetate. Oriunde o oaie se aseza, se aducea o jertfa si se ridica chiar pe locul acela un altar. Momentele amintitoare ale acelei ispasiri nu purtau nume. (4) Philostratus (c. 200 i.Hr.), in Viata lui Apollonius din Tyana (vi. 3), mentioneaza in mod deosebit Atena, unde, spune el, erau altare chiar si pentru divinitati necunoscute. Astfel de referiri sunt suficiente pentru a stabili faptul ca grecii ridicau cu adevarat altare unor dumnezei al caror nume nu-l cunosteau. Desi, in afara de NT, nu e nici o relatare cunoscuta, cu privire la o inscriptie la singular, ,,unui dumnezeu necunoscut”, dovezile citate mai sus demonstreaza posibilitatea ca un astfel de altar sa fi existat pe vremea lui Pavel. Prezenta unui astfel de altar ar fi fost in armonie cu ceea ce se stie despre filozofia religioasa ateniana. Locuitorii cetatii erau ravnitori sa mijloceasca la toti dumnezeii si inaltau altare unui dumnezeu necunoscut sau unor dumnezei necunoscuti, pentru ca nici unul sa nu fie neglijat. O astfel de practica reprezinta marturisirea oamenilor de stiinta moderni, cu privire la neputinta omului de a rezolva problemele universului. O contraparte latina a inscriptiilor grecesti se gaseste pe un altar descoperit la Ostia, portul maritim al Romei, si acum in Muzeul Vatican. Altarul acesta prezinta un grup de preoti ai lui Mitras si poarta inscriptia: ,,Simbolul Dumnezeului ce nu poate fi descoperit”. S-a gasit un altar si la Pergam, cu o inscriptie in greceste, franta, pe cat se pare dedicata unui dumnezeu necunoscut. Ceea ce. [Pe care, KJV.] Dovezi textuale favorizeaza (cf. p.10) exprimarea ,,ceea ce” si ,,acesta”, in loc de ,,pe care” sau ,,pe el”. Pavel, fara indoiala, a folosit pronumele neutre, desi se referea la divinitate, intrucat atenienii erau inca necunoscatori in ceea ce priveste persoana viului Dumnezeu. Se poate iarasi ca el sa fi avut in gand Dumnezeirea, ca in v. 29, unde cuvantul grec pentru ,,dumnezeire” (theion) e neutru. Fara sa cunoasteti. [Ignorant, KJV.] Gr. agnoountes, un participiu insemnand ,,necunoscand”. Aici Pavel face un joc de cuvinte in greceste. El declara ca ,,necunoscutul [agnostos] dumnezeu” este Acela ,,la care voi care sunteti necunoscatori [agnoountes] va inchinati”. Va vestesc. [Declar, KJV.] Gr. kataggello, ,,a anunta”, ,,a proclama”. In v. 18, filosofii folosisera virtual acelasi cuvant (kataggeleus, ,,un vestitor”, ,,un proclamator”) pentru a descrie pe Pavel ca ,,prezentator de dumnezei straini”. Pavel nu se preocupa cu tagaduirea acuzatiei, dar ia cuvantul (kataggello) si il foloseste pentru a-si indreptati propria sa procedura. In felul acesta era in stare sa prezinte pe adevaratul Dumnezeu, pe care Il iubea si-L servea. |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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