Printable ModeFaptele Apostolilor 1:2
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1:2 de la inceput pana in ziua in care S-a inaltat la cer, dupa ce, prin Duhul Sfant, daduse poruncile Sale apostolilor, pe care-i alesese. Pana in ziua. Adica a 40-a zi dupa invierea Sa (vezi vers.3). S-a inaltat la cer. [,,A fost luat sus”, KJV; ,,fu luat sus”, Nitz.]. Forma pasiva a verbului, asa cum e folosita aici si in vers 9 si 11 si in Luca 24,51 lasa a se intelege ca inaltarea lui Isus a fost o manifestare a puteri Tatalui. Prin Duhul Sfant. Expresia aceasta poate fi inteleasa ca insemnand ca Duhul Sfant urma sa calauzeasca pe ucenici in tot adevarul (Ioan 16,13) sau ca Isus, atat inainte, cat si dupa rastignirea Sa, vorbea ca unul care era stapanit de Duhul Sfant. Trebuie ca a doua idee sa fi fost in intentia autorului, deoarece tot ce tinea de viata lui Hristos pe pamant era savarsit prin puterea Duhului; a) zamislirea Sa (Luca 1,35); b) botezarea Lui (cap. 3,21.22); c) indreptatirea Lui, adica manifestarea vietii Sa drepte (1 Timotei 3,16); d) calauzirea in viata Lui de servire (Luca 4,1); vezi cap. 2,49); e) minunile Sale (Matei 12,28); f) invierea Lui (1 Petru 3,18). Daduse poruncile. Mai bine ,,poruncise” cu referire speciala la insarcinarea evangheliei, facuta de Domnul catre apostoli (vezi Matei 28,18-20). Apostolilor. Gr. apostoloi, ,,cei care sunt trimisi” de la apo ,,departe” si stello, ,,a trimite”, in greaca clasica apostolos (pl. apostoloi) adesea era legat cu trimiterea unei corabii sau a unei expeditii navale si mai era folosit cu privire la comandantul unei escadre sau cu privire la un ambasador. Aceste doua aplicatii generale la lucruri si la persoane au fost transferate in greaca Koine. Asa cum un papirus egiptean din secolul al 2-lea sau al 3-lea d.Hr., vorbeste despre ,,raportul pentru corabia [apostoles] al lui Triadelphus” (J. H. Moulton si G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament, p. 70). Papirusurile mai arata ca de la corabia insasi intelesul cuvantului a fost transferat la incarcatura ei, deoarece si aceasta era ,,trimisa”. Nu numai incarcatura era numita apostolos, dar si documentele care reprezentau corabia si incarcatura ei, asa ca acest cuvant se putea referi la un ordin de trimitere al unui vas, la factura privind continutul incarcaturii, sau chiar la un permisul de export. In acelasi timp, atat in Koine, cat si in greaca clasica, apostoles se poate referi la o persoana, asa cum il foloseste Iosif cu privire la ambasadorii trimisi de iudei la Roma (Antiquities, XVIII, 11.1). Totusi nici una dintre intrebuintarile acestea nu par sa reverse lumina direct asupra originii cuvantului ,,apostol” asa cum era folosit in crestinismul primar. Pavel este cel dintai scriitor al NT care a folosit cuvantul (1 Tesaloniceni 2,6) si pentru el, pare ca ,,apostol” era deja un termen tehnic desemnand o anumita grupa de oameni care indeplineau in biserica functii cu autoritate general recunoscuta. (vezi 1 Corinteni 4,9; 9,1.2). Faptul ca in aceasta literatura crestina foarte timpurie un asemenea inteles specific al cuvantului era deja considerat ca de la sine inteles, sugereaza ca introducerea termenului in uzul curent avusese deja loc mai devreme. Scriind in greceste, la ani de zile dupa moartea lui Isus, Luca si Ioan foloseau cuvantul apostolos (Luca 6,13; 11,49; Ioan 13,16 [,,cel trimis”, ,,apostolul”]). Slujba de apostol in biserica primara pare sa descinda de la hirotonirea si insarcinarea de catre Isus a celor doisprezece ucenici. Denumind pe ucenicii Sai, ,,apostoli”, Isus probabil a folosit cuvantul aramaic shelicha, echivalentul participiului ebraic shaluach, ,,trimis”. Cuvintele acestea par sa fi avut o intrebuintare tehnica atat printre iudei cat si printre crestini. Literatura rabinica folosea termenul shaluach (sau in alta forma, shaliach) cu privire la diferiti soli cu autoritate. Iustin Martirul zice (c. anul 146 d.Hr.) ca iudeii trimiteau soli prin toata lumea, spunand cuvinte hulitoare impotriva lui Hristos (Dialog cu Trypho, 17, 108). Eusebiu, istoricul bisericesc din secolul al 4-lea, declara ca scrieri deja vechi pe vremea lui relatau ca preotii si batranii iudei trimiteau oameni prin toata lumea pentru a avertiza pe cei din diaspora, impotriva crestinismului. El continua sa numeasca pe iudeii acestia ,,apostoli” si spune ca chiar pe vremea lui, ei calatoreau pretutindeni pentru a duce cu ei scrisori encilice (Comentaria in Isaiam, XVIII, 1.2). Epifanul (m. anul 403 d.Hr.) relateaza ca acesti ,,apostoli” se consfatuiau cu iudeii de seama si calatoreau printre iudeii din afara Palestinei, readucand pace in adunarile tulburate si colectand zecimi si primele roade – functii care constituie paralele impresionante cu apostolatul lui Pavel (vezi Fapte 11,27-30; Romani 15,25-28); 1 Corinteni16,1; Epifanul, Contra ereziilor 1.2, Erezia XXX, 4. 11). Codul Theodosian (anul 438 d.Hr.) observa ca ,,Este o superstitie fara valoare faptul ca iudei au capetenii ale sinagogilor, sau prezbiterii ori persoane pe care ei le numesc apostoli, care sunt numiti de patriarh la o anumita sedinta sa colecteze aur si argint” (Codul Theodosian, XVI, 8.14, traducere in Adolf Harmack, Misiunea si Expansiunea crestinismului, vol. 1, p. 329). Prin urmare, desi nu poate fi dovedit faptul ca apostolos a fost folosit in vremurile NT cu privire la soli iudei trimisi la cei din diaspora, dovezile sugereaza ca folosirea aparte a acestui cuvant de biserica primara crestina a fost derivata de la un obicei oarecum asemanator printre iudei. Pe care-i alesese. Vezi Marcu 3,13-19. |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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