Printable Mode2 Ioan 1:1
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1:1 Prezbiterul catre aleasa Doamna si catre copiii ei, pe care-i iubesc in adevar si nu numai eu, ci toti cei ce cunosc adevarul, Prezbiterul. Gr. presbuteros (vezi comentariul de la Faptele Apostolilor 11,30). Cuvantul acesta ar putea face referire la varsta si la pozitie, sau la amandoua. Deoarece comentariul acesta sustine ca apostolul Ioan a scris aceasta epistola (vezi Introducerea), atunci cuvantul ,,prezbiter” [batran, KJV] este potrivit aici. La data cand a fost scrisa epistola, circa anul 95 d.Hr. (vezi Introducerea), Ioan era inaintat in varsta si, potrivit traditiei, ultimul apostol in viata, deci e posibil sa fi ocupat o pozitie de cinste in biserica crestina, aflata in dezvoltare. De aceea, scriindu-le oamenilor care il cunosteau bine, n-ar fi fost nevoie de nici o alta identificare in afara de titlul simplu, lipsit de pretentii, ,,prezbiter”. Unii sugereaza ca termenul ,,prezbiterul” se refera la o alta persoana, identificata ca Ioan Prezbiterul, sau Batranul Ioan. In sprijinul acestei pareri vine pasajul din cuvintele lui Papias (care a murit in jurul anului 163 d.Hr.), asa cum este redat de istoricul bisericesc Eusebiu. In lucrarea sa, Ecclesiastical History (iii. 39.4; Loeb ed., vol. 1, p. 293), Eusebiu citeaza urmatoarele cuvinte ale lui Papias: ,,Dar daca a mai venit apoi cineva dupa prezbiteri, am cercetat in cuvintele prezbiterilor ce spusese Andrei sau Petru sau Filip sau Toma sau Iacov sau Ioan sau Matei sau oricare altul din ucenicii Domnului si ce spuneau Aristion si prezbiterul Ioan, ucenicii Domnului”. Este foarte indoielnic faptul ca Papias s-ar referi aici la persoane diferite, ambele purtand numele Ioan. E mai probabil ca el vorbeste aici de una si aceeasi persoana, Ioan, ucenicul iubit. In prima lista el il include printre ceilalti apostoli care au lasat rapoarte scrise; in a doua se pare ca-l pune la un loc cu Aristion, din a carui gura el (Papias) auzise istorisiri cu privire la Domnul Isus. Astfel, e pusa la indoiala existenta unui om care sa fi fost cunoscut ca Prezbiterul Ioan, numele acesta ar putea sa fie pur si simplu un alt titlul pentru ultimul dintre apostoli. In cazul acesta, titlul de ,,prezbiter” este si mai potrivit cand este aplicat la Ioan. Aleasa. Gr. eklektos, ,,a selectiona”, de la eklego, ,,a alege”, probabil folosit aici in sensul de distinctie morala. Unii au considerat ca acest cuvant este un nume propriu feminin, Eklekta, dar o asemenea interpretare nu are o baza solida, tinand cont ca in v. 13 eklektos este, evident, adjectiv. Doamna. Gr. kuria. Sunt posibile doua traduceri ale acestui cuvant. Conform primei, este un nume propriu al unei doamne, Kyria sau Cyria, care nu era necunoscut in inscriptiile grecesti. Dar constructia in versiunea greaca arata ca e improbabil ca scriitorul sa fi folosit aici un nume propriu. A doua traducere posibila a cuvantului kuria este ,,doamna”, o forma politicoasa de adresare, care este echivalentul feminin al lui kurios, ,,domn” (vezi comentariul de la Ioan 13,13). In cazul acesta expresia folosita aici, eklekte kuria, inseamna, literal, ,,catre o aleasa doamna”. Mai ramane totusi problema interpretarii. Cui ii adresa Ioan aceasta epistola? La intrebarea aceasta avem doua raspunsuri: (1) Ii scria unei anumite doamne crestine si copiilor ei; (2) Ii scria bisericii sau unei biserici pe care a ales sa o numeasca ,,aleasa doamna”. Cea mai buna solutie ar putea sa fie combinarea acestor doua pareri. Se poate ca doamna careia ii era adresata scrisoarea sa fi fost conducatorul bisericii careia ii scria Ioan, iar ,,copiii” ei sa fi fost membrii bisericii (compara cu 3 Ioan 4). Solia epistolei este mai potrivita pentru un grup de credinciosi decat pentru o persoana si unor crestini maturi, nu unor copii ai unei anumite femei. Copiii ei. Acestia se poate sa fi fost copiii ,,alesei doamne” sau membrii bisericii careia ii era adresata scrisoarea (compara cu 1 Ioan 2,1). Pe care. Pronumele din versiunea greaca are genul masculin si numarul plural, referindu-se la aleasa doamna si la copiii ei, atat baieti cat si fete. Iubesc. In versiunea greaca acest verb este insotit de pronumele ,,eu”, accentuat aici. S-ar putea ca Ioan sa fi subliniat iubirea sa, deoarece altii nu aveau dragoste pentru crestinii carora le scria el (compara cu 3 Ioan 3). In adevar. [,,In adevarul”, KJV]. Literal, ,,in adevar”, adica Ioan ii iubeste pe prietenii sai in sfera ,,adevarului”, adica in legatura cu tot ce se cuprinde in credinta crestina. Toti cei. Desi se poate sa fi existat invatatori mincinosi si parveniti, care nu ii iubeau pe -1 destinatarii acestei epistole, Ioan rosteste cuvinte de asigurare, referindu-se la adevaratii credinciosi, care ii vor iubi pe cei carora le scrie el. Cunosc. [,,Au cunoscut”, KJV]. Adica au ajuns sa cunoasca si inca mai cunosc. Ioan le vorbeste crestinilor sinceri, care nu au cazut de la credinta. Adevarul. Adica doctrina crestina, asa cum este prezentata de Hristos, care este ,,adevarul” (vezi comentariul de la Ioan 8,32; compara cu Ioan 14,6), si de ,,Duhul adevarului” (Ioan 14,17). Cei care sustin un astfel de ,,adevar” este firesc sa-i iubeasca pe cei care impartasesc doctrinele lor. |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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