Printable Mode2 Corinteni 11:22
|
11:22 Sunt ei Evrei? Si eu sunt! Sunt ei Israeliti? Si eu sunt! Sunt ei samanta a lui Avraam? Si eu sunt! Evrei. Versetul acesta ii identifica in mod precis pe adversarii lui Pavel din biserica din Corint ca fiind iudei. In decursul istoriei lor, iudeii ajunsesera sa creada in superioritatea lor ca natiune si ca popor ales al lui Dumnezeu (Deuteronom 7,6; Amos 3,2; Ioan 8,33-39). Cele trei denumiri folosite aici sunt sinonime. Pavel respinge aici ideea ca adversarii sai aveau un avantaj fata de el in aceasta privinta (vezi Fapte 22,3; Filip 3,3-5). In ce priveste originea termenului ,,evreu”, vezi la Geneza 10,21. Folosirea lui aici sugereaza vechimea obarsiei lor ca popor, spre deosebire de alte natiuni. La origine, el i-a denumit pe descendentii lui Eber (Geneza 11,16) ca natiune. Dupa captivitate, a ajuns sa se refere si la limba aramaica, limba uzuala a Palestinei pe vremea lui Pavel (vezi vol. I, p. 25, 29, 30). Desi nascut in alta tara, Pavel invatase aramaica, lucru care reflecta respectul si atasamentul lui fata de traditiile ebraice. Iudeii elenisti din diaspora vorbeau de obicei limba greaca si foloseau traducerea greaca a Vechiului Testament, LXX. Din cauza ca Pavel era nascut in afara Palestinei, in Tars, capitala Ciliciei, si din cauza ca vorbea limba greaca, fara indoiala ca adversarii lui – iudei palestinieni – il catalogau drept elenist si astfel mai putin loial iudaismului decat spuneau ca sunt ei. Diferenta dintre iudeul crestin si iudeul ortodox al vremurilor Noului Testament ar trebui de asemenea sa fie notata. Potrivnicii lui Pavel apartineau primei grupe. Ei se atasasera bisericii crestine si cautau o slujba in calitate de conducatori crestini. Ei se considerau superiori convertitilor dintre neamuri si insistau sa se pastreze aceasta distinctie. Insa Pavel nu recunostea nici o diferenta intre iudei si neamuri in ceea ce priveste mantuirea si pozitia inaintea lui Dumnezeu (Romani 1,14; 2,25-29; 3,29.30; 10,12; Galateni 3,28.29; 5,6; Efeseni 2,14; Coloseni 3,11). Conflictul dintre Pavel si acesti apostoli crestini iudei falsi din Corint a fost numai o parte din conflictul mai mare care s-a iscat in biserica crestina primara in diferite momente si locuri (vezi Fapte 10,28; 15,1.2.5; Galateni 2,1-9.11-14). Era cat se poate de dificil chiar pentru iudeul convertit sa consimta la desfiintarea ,,zidului de la mijloc care-i despartea” (Efeseni 2,14) si sa renunte la o anumita ostilitate fata de neamuri din cauza ca nu fusesera nascuti iudei. Atitudinea aceasta, dezvoltata de iudei, mai ales in decursul secolelor de dupa captivitate, era o pervertire a scopului lui Dumnezeu pentru poporul Sau ales (vezi Ioan 10,16; Efeseni 2,14.15; vol. IV, p. 32, 33). Era foarte dificil, chiar si pentru ucenici sa-si elibereze mintea de catusele de otel ale acestui spirit ingust, bigot (Fapte 10,9-17.28; 11,1-18; Galateni 2,12). Cand Pavel a scris epistola cunoscuta acum ca 1 Corinteni, biserica din Corint era tulburata de diferite partide (vezi 1 Corinteni 1,12). Desi pe vremea cand a fost scrisa a doua epistola, cateva saptamani sau luni mai tarziu (vezi p. 822), majoritatea membrilor bisericii erau pe deplin impacati cu apostolul (vezi 2 Corinteni 7,7-15; vezi la v. 13, 15), anumiti apostoli mincinosi staruiau in a lucra contra lui (vezi cap. 10,2). Acestei minoritati ii adreseaza apostolul o mustrare aspra in a doua lui epistola, mai ales in capitolele 10 la 13. Desi Pavel lamureste ca aceasta minoritate era alcatuita din iudei (cap. 11,22), el nu-i identifica ca apartinand partidei iudaizante a biserici crestine si nici nu trateaza invataturile lor ca eretice. Din tacerea aceasta unii au dedus ca nu faceau parte dintre iudaizanti. Totusi, opinia larg acceptata e ca aceasta opozitie era de tip iudaizant. Conducatorii ei erau iudei crestini care se pare ca pretindeau ca sunt iudei mai buni si mai loiali fata de iudaism decat Pavel (capitolele 10,7; 11,22). Ei de asemenea pretindeau ca sunt ,,apostoli ai lui Hristos” (v. 13) si ,,slujitori ai lui Hristos” (v. 23) si negau faptul ca Pavel ar fi fost un apostol adevarat (cf. cap. 11,15; 12,11.12) sau un reprezentant adevarat al lui Hristos (cap. 11,23). Dar ei erau de fapt ,,apostoli mincinosi” (v. 13) si ,,slujitori ai nedreptatii” (v. 15). Aceste caracteristici sunt tipice pentru partida iudaizanta a bisericii primare si pentru nici o alta grupa clar definita de pe vremea lui Pavel. Este deci logic sa admitem ca ei erau iudaizanti. In ce priveste un comentariu in plus referitor la partida iudaizanta din biserica crestina primara vezi p. 33. In ce priveste tentativa de subversiune in bisericile galatene de catre aceasta factiune – chiar la data aceea – vezi p. 933. A nega intaietatea iudeilor inaintea lui Dumnezeu nu inseamna a nega superioritatea revelatiei divine acordata iudeilor (Romani 3,12; 9,1-15). In contrast cu convertitul dintre neamuri, iudeul fusese educat din copilarie in cultul singurului Dumnezeu adevarat si in cunoasterea Scripturilor. In general, nucleul de credinciosi crestini provenea din sinagoga iudaica, deoarece Pavel incepea predicarea Evangheliei in sinagoga locala. Iudeii se simteau indreptatiti la o consideratie speciala si la privilegii speciale in Biserica Crestina si se considerau mai bine pregatiti pentru conducere. Comparativa lor maturitate religioasa le dadea in mod evident un avantaj fata de imaturitatea religioasa a neamurilor. Dar atitudinea lor si abuzul de autoritate din partea lor in diferite cazuri avusese ca rezultat o religie de indreptatire de sine, care era respingatoare atat pentru Dumnezeu, cat si pentru om (Luca 18:10-14). Israeliti. In ce priveste o tratare a termenului ,, Israel” vezi la Geneze 32,28. ,,Israel” ii desemneaza pe evrei ca pe alesii lui Dumnezeu si face distinctie intre cei din linia aleasa de descendenta din Avraam si numerosi alti descendenti ai lui Avraam (Geneza 21,12; Romani 9,10-13; Galateni 4,22.31). In rolul lor de popor ales al lui Dumnezeu, israelitii se bucurasera de binecuvantari si privilegii speciale (Romani 9,4.5; Vol. IV, p. 27-29). Numele apare numai de trei ori in alte locuri in Noul Testament (Ioan 1,47; Romani 9,4; 11,1). Samanta a lui Avraam. Acesta era considerat cel mai onorabil titlu dintre cele trei: a fi un adevarat fiu al lui Avraam insemna a te afla intr-o relatie de legamant cu Dumnezeu (Geneza 17,7; Galateni 4,22-26), a experimenta neprihanirea prin credinta (Romani 4; Galateni 3,6-9; 14-16), a apartine neamului prin care avea sa vina Mesia (Galateni 3,16) si a mosteni inaltele fagaduinte facute lui ca parinte al neamului ebraic (Galateni 3,14-18). Dar iudei n-au izbutit sa faca deosebire intre a avea sangele lui Avraam in venele lor si a avea credinta lui Avraam in inimile si mintile lor (Geneza 21,10; Matei 3,9 Ioan 8,33-35; Romani 2,28.29; Galateni 3,28.29). Potrivnicii lui Pavel posedau numai calificatiile fizice, iar faptul acesta nu justifica nici o pretentie la superioritate in biserica lui Hristos (Galateni 5,2-6). |
Seek to any passage:
Search the text:
Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
Select another version: