Printable Mode1 Petru 3:18
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3:18 Hristos, de asemenea, a suferit odata pentru pacate, El, Cel neprihanit, pentru cei nelegiuiti, ca sa ne aduca la Dumnezeu. El a fost omorat in trup, dar a fost inviat in duh, Hristos, de asemenea. In momentul acela destinatarii acestei epistole fie treceau prin persecutie, fie aveau in fata aceasta perspectiva iminenta (vezi cap. 3,14–17; 4,12–16.19). Petru ii incuraja sa nu considere aceasta ,,incercare de foc” ca ceva ,,ciudat” sau nemaiauzit (cap. 4,12), tinand cont de faptul ca ,,Hristos de asemenea a suferit odata” (cap. 3,18). Era privilegiul lor de a avea ,,parte de patimile lui Hristos”, adica de a suferi la fel ca Domnul si Invatatorul lor (1 Petru 4,13; compara cu Ioan 15,20). El le daduse o pilda despre felul cum trebuie sa rabde suferinta (1 Petru 2,20–23). Mai mult, Domnul Hristos era biruitor prin suferinta (vezi cap. 1,11; 4,13; 5,1). El S-a ridicat dintre morti proslavit (vezi mai jos, comentariul de la ,,facut viu” si de la v. 21; vezi si comentariul de la cap. 1,11; 5,1). Domnul Isus S-a inaltat la cer, unde ,,ingerii, stapanirile si puterile” I s-au ,,supus” (cap. 3,22). El i-a instiintat pe urmasii Sai ca si ei trebuiau sa se astepte la ,,necazuri”, dar a adaugat: ,,Indrazniti, Eu am biruit lumea” (Ioan 16,33). Biruinta Lui prin suferinta era asigurarea ca si ei vor birui in ,,incercarea de foc” care le statea inainte. Petru ii avertiza pe destinatarii epistolei sale sa nu faca nimic prin care ar merita suferinta (1 Petru 2,20; 3,16.17; 4,15), ci sa fie siguri ca sufereau doar ,,pentru neprihanire” (cap. 3,14) si pentru ca faceau binele (cap. 3,17; vezi comentariul de la cap. 4,14). La fel, Domnul Hristos a suferit ,,pentru [ale noastre] pacate, El, Cel Neprihanit, pentru cei nelegiuiti” (cap. 3,18; vezi si comentariul de la cap. 2,24); El nu facuse nimic ca sa merite pedeapsa pe care a suferit-o. De aceea, cei care L-au chinuit pe Domnul Hristos si care ii chinuiesc pe ai Sai merita pedeapsa cuvenita pentru nelegiuirea lor. Destinatarii acestei epistole puteau fi siguri ca, la timpul cuvenit, Dumnezeu are sa ii judece pe asupritorii lor si sa le rasplateasca dupa faptele lor (cap. 4,5.17.18). Ei aveau exemplul Domnului Hristos, care ,,Se supunea dreptului Judecator” (cap. 2,23). Ca si Mantuitorul, acesti crestini erau inocenti si puteau fi siguri ca intr-o zi se va face dreptate. Avand in vedere toate acestea, crestinilor carora le scria Petru nu trebuia sa le ,,fie rusine” sa sufere in calitate de crestini (cap. 4,16), ci ei trebuiau sa fie fericiti, stiind ca ,,la aratarea slavei Lui” se vor bucura si veseli (v. 13). Era ,,ferice” de ei cand erau ,,batjocoriti pentru Numele lui Hristos”, ,,fiindca Duhul slavei, Duhul lui Dumnezeu”, se odihnea peste ei (v. 14). Domnul Hristos ,,a patimit in trup” pentru noi (v. 1), si este privilegiul nostru sa fim ,,batjocoriti pentru Numele lui Hristos” (v. 14). A suferit. Dovezile textuale sunt impartite intre exprimarea aceasta si ,,a murit”. Verbul ,,a suferit” se potriveste mai bine cu contextul si cu ideea paralela din cap. 2,21 (vezi comentariul de acolo). Odata. Vezi comentariul de la Evrei 9,26. Pentru pacate. Domnul Hristos a platit pedeapsa pentru pacatele fiecarui om (vezi comentariul de la 1 Corinteni 15,3; 2 Corinteni 5,14; Evrei 4,15; 1 Ioan 2,2; vezi Vol. V, p. 918), desi El nu avea nici un pacat (vezi comentariul de la 1 Petru 2,22). Cel Neprihanit. Adica Domnul Hristos (vezi comentariul de la Faptele Apostolilor 3,14). Pentru. Gr. huper, ,,in favoarea”, ,,in folosul”, ,,in locul”. Elementul cel mai insemnat al mortii Domnului Hristos este natura ei loctiitoare. El a murit, nu ca un om bun, dand un exemplu nobil, ci ca Mantuitor al pacatosilor (vezi comentariul de la Isaia 53,4.5; Matei 20,28; 1 Petru 2,24; compara cu DA 25). Ca sa ne aduca la Dumnezeu. Adica sa fim din nou in favoarea divina. Vezi comentariul de la Romani 5,1.2. A fost omorat. Literal, ,,intr-adevar, fiind dat la moarte”. Restul acestui verset explica prima parte – Domnul Hristos ,,a suferit odata pentru pacate” ,,a fost omorat in trup” si poate ,,sa ne aduca la Dumnezeu” datorita faptului ca ,,a fost inviat in Duh [‚de Duhul’, KJV]”. Domnul Hristos a suferit pana la moarte; cu siguranta ca suferintele noastre ,,pentru neprihanire” nu le pot intrece pe ale Lui. Si daca El a biruit moartea, noi nu trebuie sa ne temem de ,,incercarea de foc … care a venit … ca sa” ne ,,incerce” (1 Petru 4,12.13; vezi comentariul de la 2 Corinteni 13,4). In trup. Literal, ,,in carne”, sau ,,in ce priveste carnea”, adica in ce priveste natura fizica pe care a luat-o Domnul Hristos la intrupare. El a inviat avand natura umana proslavita, pe care o vor avea toti cei rascumparati (vezi comentariul de la 1 Corinteni 15,38.48). A fost inviat. Literal, ,,facut viu” (compara cu 1 Corinteni 15,45). In duh. [,,De Duhul”, KJV]. Dovezile textuale atesta exprimarea ,,in duh” sau ,,cu privire la duh”. Exprimarea ,,de Duhul” (en to pneumati) nu are suport in manuscrisele vechi. Ultima parte a versetului poate fi tradusa literal: ,,a fost omorat, intr-adevar, in trup [sarki], dar a fost inviat in duh [pneumati]”. Constructiile paralele ,,in duh” si ,,in carne” par sa fie un argument impotriva ideii ca aici se face referire la Duhul Sfant. Cu alte cuvinte, consecventa pare sa ceara fie traducerea ,,in carne … in duh”, fie traducerea ,,prin carne [insemnand ‚prin fiinta umana’] … prin Duhul”. Totusi, expresia ,,prin fiinta umana” nu mai este folosita in alta parte in Noul Testament si nu prea are sens. Cand se foloseste in alta parte in Noul Testament expresia ,,in carne … in duh” sau echivalentul ei, cu privire la Domnul Hristos, atunci cuvantul ,,carne” se refera la existenta pamanteasca a Domnului Hristos, ca o fiinta umana, iar cuvantul ,,duh” face referire la existenta Lui ca fiinta divina, dupa inviere. Compara cu remarcabila antiteza similara din Romani 1,3.4 (vezi comentariul de acolo). Intrupat, Domnul Hristos era, dupa toate aparentele, o fiinta umana; dupa inviere, desi a pastrat natura umana, a devenit din nou esential o fiinta spirituala (vezi Vol. V, pp. 917–919; compara cu Ioan 4,24). Compara si cu 1 Timotei 3,16, unde versiunea greaca spune literal: ,,in carne” si ,,in spirit”. Noteaza expresiile paralele din 1 Petru 4,6, ,,in trup” si ,,in duh”, aplicate la fiintele umane (vezi comentariul de acolo). Pentru o clarificare a intelesului si a fortei declaratiei lui Petru, vezi Romani 14,9; 2 Corinteni 13,4. Faptul ca Domnul Hristos a murit cu adevarat ,,in trup”, nu a insemnat sfarsitul existentei Sale. El ,,a fost inviat”, desi, incepand cu momentul acela, natura Sa umana a fost mai pe deplin subordonata naturii Lui divine, sau spirituale [,,in duh”] (vezi comentariul de la Luca 24,39; compara cu Vol. V, pp. 918, 919), decat atunci cand a trait pe pamant, ca om intre oameni. Faptul minunat ca Domnul Hristos cel crucificat traieste mai departe este prezentat aici ca o asigurare ca cei care au parte de suferintele Lui nu trebuie sa se teama ca persecutia va pune capat pentru totdeauna existentei lor (compara cu 2 Corinteni 13,4). Domnul Hristos a triumfat asupra mortii, si cei care sufera impreuna cu El trebuie sa fie la fel de siguri ca vor trece biruitori prin incercarile de foc ale vietii. Compara cu argumentatia lui Pavel din 1 Corinteni 15,13–23, unde apostolul scoate in evidenta faptul ca invierea Domnului nostru este o garantie ca cei care au adormit in El vor trai din nou. |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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