Printable Mode1 Corinteni 11:4
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11:4 Orice barbat, care se roaga sau proroceste cu capul acoperit, isi necinsteste Capul sau. Orice barbat. In v. 4-16 Pavel trateaza subiectul acoperirii capului, indeosebi in legatura cu serviciile religioase. Ar trebui sa fie spus clar de la inceput ca acesta este unul din pasajele pauline la care se poate sa se fi aplicat cuvintele lui Petru, ca Pavel a scris ,,unele lucruri greu de inteles” (2Pet 3:16). Comentatorii, in general, marturisesc despre perplexitatea in eforturile lor de a urmari argumentatia lui Pavel, si in incercarile lor de a descoperi intinderea aplicatiei rostirilor sale. Pare sa fie acord intre ei ca Pavel se ocupa aici de principiul fundamental al bunei cuviinte religioase si al bunului gust, in contextul obiceiurilor si manierelor timpului in care el scria si ale oamenilor carora el le scria. Fara indoiala, anumite aspecte ale acestui principiu de baza, isi gasesc expresia diferita in diferite tari. VT procura o ilustratie aleasa a lucrului acestuia. Cand Moise a sosit la rugul care ardea, Domnul i-a poruncit: ,,Descalta-te de sandalele tale, fiindca locul pe care stai tu, in fata Mea, este pamant sfant!” (Exo 3:5)[KJV]. Era evident obiceiul din acea parte a lumii – si mai este de fapt inca obiceiul – de a arata respect pentru locurile sfinte scotand incaltamintea. Domnul, deci, cerea lui Moise sa arate respectul obisnuit pentru un loc sfant. Si cu toate acestea nici un talcuitor al Scripturilor nu a tras vreodata concluzia ca porunca explicita a lui Dumnezeu fata de Moise da un precedent pentru cultul religios pe intreaga fata a pamantului, cu siguranta nu in tarile occidentale. Principiul respectului cuvenit inca sta neviolat, dar metoda exprimarii unui astfel de respect poate sa varieze mult in functie de loc si timp. La fel, putem intelege pe Pavel, in 1Cor 11:4-16, ca discuta cu corintenii privitor la principiul decentei si al bunei cuviinte religioase in termenii obiceiurilor specifice ale vremii. Desi surse vechi din antichitate nu ne dau o marturie lipsita de echivoc cu privire la obiceiul in ce priveste coafura la Corint sau in alte locuri, pare evident ca obiceiul pare sa fi considerat un cap neacoperit ca decent pentru un barbat, dar indecent pentru o femeie. Spunem ,,evident”, caci daca lucrurile n-ar fi fost asa, ar fi imposibil ca argumentul lui Pavel sa aiba sens. Pornind deci, de la presupunerea logica cum ca Pavel se ocupa aici cu aplicarea unui principiu la obiceiul locului si timpului, suntem in stare sa luam in chip literal si cu inteles cuvintele sale fara de a merge mai departe sa deducem ca aplicatia lui specifica atunci, cere aceeasi aplicare specifica astazi. Astfel, a trage concluzia, ar cere procedeul nelogic sa se renunte la premisa pe care se sprijina cea mai mare parte a argumentatiei sale – obiceiul vremii – in timp ce se pastreaza concluzia care depinde de premisa. Aceasta ar fi echivalent cu inlaturarea fundatiei unei cladiri in timp ce se cauta a se rezolva si folosi suprastructura suspendata in aer. Mai e un punct care poate fi relevant in considerarea intregului pasaj. Pavel proclama o noua si glorioasa libertate in Evanghelie. Proclamarea aceasta avea in sine semintele principiului crestin al demnitatii femeii si eliberarea ei din starea inferioara in care toate femeile erau tinute in tarile pagane. El declara: ,,nu mai este nici iudeu, nici grec; numai este nici rob, nici slobod; nu mai este nici parte barbateasca, nici parte femeiasca, fiindca toti sunteti una in Hristos Isus (Gal 3:28). Ar fi usor de a vedea cum unele femei convertite la crestinism ar fi putut rastalmaci si folosi rau libertatea lor in Evanghelie pentru a atrage defaima asupra bisericii. Una din acuzatiile defaimatoare, neintemeiate care prindea contur contra crestinismului pe masura ce se raspandea si trezea ura oamenilor, era ca crestinii erau imorali. Intr-adevar, acuzatia aceasta poate sa fi fost actuala pe vremea lui Pavel. Cat de necesar era deci, ca crestinii sa se fereasca ,,de orice se pare rau” [,,de orice aparenta rea”] (1Tes 5:22), cat de necesar era ca ei sa retina sfatul in plus al lui Pavel ca desi un anumit fel de purtare ar putea fi legal [,,ingaduit”], el poate ca nu era de folos (1Cor 6:12). Tot ce urmeaza in comentariul la cap. 11:4-16 ar trebui sa fie inteles in lumina acestei enuntari generale, introductive, pentru ca nu cumva pe de o parte sa legam femeilor in multe tari astazi poveri dureroase pe care nu ar trebui sa le poarte, sau pe de alta parte sa facem pe Pavel sa apara ca demodat si ca neavand nici o solie pentru cititorul secolului al douazecilea. Se roaga sau prooroceste. Acestea erau aspecte importante ale cultului public. La rugaciune inchinatorul este reprezentantul adunarii, inaintea lui Dumnezeu in multumire, cerere si mijlocire; in profetizare, el este unealta Duhului Sfant, transmitand bisericii solia lui Dumnezeu. Profetizarea mentionata aici fara indoiala se refera la predicarea si invatarea publica de catre oameni inspirati, deoarece un profet e cineva care vorbeste pentru Dumnezeu sub inspiratia Duhului Sfant (vezi 1Cor 12:10, 29; 14:1, 4, 22; 1Tes 5:20; cf. 2Pet 1:21). Cu capul acoperit. [,,Avand capul acoperit”, KJV]. Gr. kata chephales ekhon, literal, ,,avand [ceva] in jos de pe cap”. Unii gandesc ca aici e o referire la practica iudeilor de a purta un sal in patru colturi pe cap cand se rugau sau vorbeau la cultul public. Salul acesta, sau talith, era pus pe capul inchinatorului cand intra in sinagoga. Totusi, e indoielnic ca obiceiul acesta se infiintase deja pe vremea lui Pavel. Apostolul nu implica in mod necesar ca barbatii din biserica din Corint isi acopereau capetele in timpul rugaciuni sau profetizarii. El pare sa se refere la o astfel de situatie numai ca un fundal al mustrarii sale pentru femeile care pare sa fi considerat ca e corespunzator sa participe, fara sa aiba capul acoperit, la functiunile spirituale publice mentionate aici. Capul sau. Aceasta se poate referi fie la Hristos, care este Capul ,,fiecarui barbat” (v. 3), sau la insusi capul literal al barbatului, care ar fi dezonorat daca ar fi acoperit. Barbatul care, ca serv al Domnului sau, refuza de a da respect public lui Hristos, aduce dezonoare atat asupra Domnului sau cat si asupra propriului sau cap. Corintul era o cetate greaca, si din consideratie pentru obiceiul grec, Pavel a considerat ca la inchinarea publica a crestinilor din Corint, barbatii ar fi trebuit sa urmeze felul obisnuit de a arata respect prin indepartarea acoperamantului de pe cap in prezenta unui superior. Barbatii nu trebuia sa procedeze ca femeile. |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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