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Romani 9:5


9:5 patriarhii, şi din ei a ieşit, după trup, Hristosul, care este mai presus de toate lucrurile, Dumnezeu binecuvântat în veci. Amin!

Patriarhii. [,,Părinţii”, KJV]. Avraam, Isaac şi Iacov erau în mod deosebit priviţi ca ,,părinţi” (Fapte 3,13; 7,32). Iudeii considerau ca o chestiune de mare merit de a fi descendenţi ai unor asemenea nobili strămoşi (vezi Mat. 3,9; cf. Ioan 8,39.53; 2 Cor. 11,22). Mai târziu, în epistola aceasta, Pavel vorbeşte despre iubirea lui Dumnezeu pentru Israel ,,din pricina părinţilor lor” (Rom. 11,28).

Şi din ei. [,,Din care”, KJV]. Mai degrabă, ,,din care” sau ,,intre care”. Ultimul şi cel mai mare din toate privilegiile acordate israeliţilor era că Mesia a apărut din neamul lor. Tocmai către acest cel mai înalt privilegiu atrăseseră atenţia toate celelalte binecuvântări.

După trup. [,,În ce priveşte carnea”, KJV]. Pavel limitează originea iudaică a lui Isus la natura Lui omenească, aşa ca în cap. 1,3.

Hristosul. [,,Hristos”, KJV]. Literal, ,,Hristosul”, referindu-se la titlul şi poziţia sa ca ,,Mesia”.

Care este. Interpretarea ultimei jumătăţi a vers. 5 a fost dezvăluită pe larg. Discuţia a atins culmea după apariţia NT şi RV în 1881. Spaţiu considerabil a fost devotat chestiunii în revistele religioase ale timpului. Problema este una de punctuaţie, şi întrucât manuscrisele originalului grec au fost scrise fără nici o formă de punctuaţie, soluţia devine o chestiune de interpretare (cf. cele de la Luca 23,43).

Cu diferite schimbări de punctuaţie patru interpretări posibile ale acestui pasaj au fost susţinute (vezi RV şi marginalele). Una este de a nu pune nici o punctuaţie, sau o virgulă dup ,,trup” [carne] şi să se refere întregul pasaj la Hristos ca o afirmare a divinităţii Lui. Aceasta a fost vederea tradiţională şi este interpretarea oferiră de KJV şi de cele mai multe versiuni. O a doua posibilitate este de a pune o virgulă după ,,trup” şi un punct după ,,toate”. Pasajul atunci ar spune: ,,Din care e Hristos în ce priveşte trupul, care este peste toate. Dumnezeu să fie în veci binecuvântat.

O a treia posibilitate este de a pune un punct după ,,trup” şi de a traduce restul versetului: ,,El care este Dumnezeu peste toate să fie în veci binecuvântat”. Sau ,,Dumnezeu care este peste toate să fie în veci binecuvântat”. Aceasta este exprimarea preferată de RSV şi de câteva alte versiuni. O a patra posibilitate este de a folosi aceeaşi punctuaţie ca în soluţia a patra şi a traduce: ,,El care este peste tot este Dumnezeu binecuvântat în veci”. Pentru o tratare mai detaliată a problemei vezi Sanday şi Headleam, Comentariul critic Internaţional, la Romani, p. 233-238.

Întrebarea fundamentală este dacă pasajul trebuie să fie interpretat ca o afirmare a dumnezeirii lui Hristos. A o privi în felul acesta este interpretarea cea mai simplă şi cea mai naturală a construcţiei gramaticale a versetului. Ea este cea mai corespunzătoare contextului. Pavel relatase multele beneficii şi privilegii pe care Dumnezeu le încredinţase lui Israel ca popor ales. Ca o culminare a acestor binecuvântări, Pavel menţionează descendenţa lui Mesia din propriul lor neam. Dar descendenţa aceasta e limitată la natura lui fizică. Mesia are altă natură care nu e ,,carne” [trup] şi Pavel se referă mai departe la Hristos, ,,care este mai pe sus de toate, Dumnezeu binecuvântat în veci”. Exprimarea de către Pavel a naturii omeneşti a lui Hristos pare să ceară ca o antiteză această clară afirmare a dumnezeirii Lui (cf. Rom. 1,3.4). Că Hristos este cu adevărat divin şi Cel care este ,,peste toate” e arătat în multe pasaje ale NT (vezi Ioan 1,1-3; Ef. 1,20-22; Fil. 2,10.11; Col. 1,16.17:2,9; notă adiţională la Ioan 1). În ce priveşte o tratare în plus a acestui text vezi The Minstry, sept. 1954, p. 19-21; Probleme de traducere biblică, p. 218-222.

Peste toate. Comparaţi cap. 11,36. Această descriere a puterii şi demnităţii supreme a Aceluia care era un israelit prin descendenţă omenească serveşte ca să intensifice caracterul privilegiat al neamului iudaic. Ce binecuvântări mai mari ce ocazii mai mari, ar fi putut să acorde Domnul vreunui popor decât acelea prezentate în aceste două versete?

Prin enumerarea acestor privilegii, Pavel a arătat cauza ,,durerii” sale ,,necurmate”. Fiecare privilegiu numit îi reaminteşte de scopul original al lui Dumnezeu pentru Israel şi al destinului glorios promis lor (vezi Vol. IV Pavel, 25-38). Dar cât de mult contrastează aceasta cu starea lor prezentă decăzută!


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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here. Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.

Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.

1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.

2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.

3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.

4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).

5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.

6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.

7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.

8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.


How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones

It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.

A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).

The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version. Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain the software to be installed on your mobile phone.

I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing, to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.

There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor) files. These JAD files has to be uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).

There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid

Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of the software.


1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
 

If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is enough to access https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/  from the browser of the mobile phone, and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more). After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile phone.

Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.

2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.

If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared port of the computer (preferable laptop).

c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g. on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have larger fonts, full screen display etc.

3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check if exists).

4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:

a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next, you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the JAR desired file.

5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to download and run Java applications.


Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific models.

Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).

Multilingual Online Ebooks

It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.


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Source: Text from read this link, compiled by biblephone2008@gmail.com





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