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Apocalipsa 16:16


16:16 Duhurile cele rele i-au strâns în locul care pe evreieşte se cheamă Armaghedon.

I-au strâns. Este vorba de cele trei duhuri necurate din v. 13, 14. În ce priveşte procesul strângerii, vezi comentariul de la v. 14.

Adepţii ambelor interpretări sunt de acord că strângerea are loc în timpul plăgii a şasea, dar că bătălia este dată în timpul celei de a şaptea (vezi Smith, op. cit., p. 702; vezi comentariul de la Apocalipsa 16,12.17).

Cei strânşi sunt împăraţii pământului din v. 14.

Conform primei interpretări, împăraţii pământului, sau forţele militare ale pământului, sunt adunate în Valea Meghido, în nordul Palestinei (vezi comentariul de la v. 12, 14). Conform celei de-a doua interpretări, împăraţii pământului se unesc în idei şi în scop (vezi comentariul de la cap. 17,13.17). Compară cu Psalmi 83,4.5.

Locul. Gr. topos, ,,loc”, care este folosit în mai multe sensuri: ca localizare geografică, un ,,loc” într-o carte, un statut, sau figurat, ,,condiţie” sau ,,situaţie”, ca în Faptele Apostolilor 25,16 (,,putinţa”) şi în Evrei 12,17. Conform primei interpretări, care pune accentul pe implicaţiile geografice, acest cuvânt se referă la Valea Meghido, Câmpia Esdraelon, în nordul Palestinei (vezi comentariul de la Apocalipsa 16,12.14). Conform celei de-a doua interpretări, care pune accentul asupra semnificaţiei simbolice a expresiilor din v. 12–16 (vezi comentariul de la v. 12), acest cuvânt face referire la ,,condiţia” sau dispoziţia în care se adună împăraţii pământului – înţelegerea lor de a nimici poporul lui Dumnezeu (vezi comentariul de la cap. 16,14; 17,13).

Pe evreieşte. Poate că prin asta Ioan intenţiona să-şi direcţioneze cititorii asupra unui studiu al Armaghedonului ca termen ebraic, pentru a revedea istoria ebraică şi a înţelege astfel acest nume criptic.

Armaghedon. Gr. Harmageddon, o transliterare din ebraică, după cum declară Ioan. Dovezile textuale favorizează termenul Harmagedon, dar pot fi citate dovezi textuale şi pentru Armagedon, Armagedo, Mageddon şi altele. Ţinând cont de faptul că, după cât se ştie până în prezent, nici un loc geografic nu a purtat vreodată acest nume, semnificaţia acestui termen nu este uşor lămurită. De asemenea, opiniile diferă cu privire la care cuvânt sau cuvinte ebraice sunt reprezentate de transliterarea greacă. Termenul Harmageddon provine din două cuvinte ebraice, dintre care primul poate fi ’ir, ,,cetate”, deşi e mult mai probabil har, ,,munte”. După cum s-a observat deja, unele manuscrise antice omit cu totul prima silabă, ar- sau har.

În ce priveşte a doua parte a numelui, - mageddon, au fost sugerate două etimologii diferite: (1) Că –mageddon vine de la ebraicul megiddo sau megiddon (1 Regi 9,15; Zaharia 12,11), vechea cetate Megiddo, de unde a venit numele importantei trecători prin munţi, în sud-vest, către Valea Israelului, în nord şi nord-est (2 Cronici 35,22), şi către Râul Chison (Judecători 4,7.13; 5,19.21), care curge prin această vale. (2) Că -mageddon vine de la mo’ed, cuvântul ebraic folosit de obicei în Vechiul Testament pentru ,,întâlnire” (Exodul 27,21; 28,43; 29,4.10.11.30.32; etc.), pentru o ,,sărbătoare” rânduită (vezi comentariul de la Leviticul 23,2) şi pentru ,,adunare” sau ,,loc de adunare” (Plângeri 1,15; 2,6). Prima etimologie leagă numele compus, Armaghedon, de geografia şi istoria vechiului Megiddo, în timp ce a doua sugerează o posibilă legătură cu marea luptă dintre Hristos şi Satana.

La Isaia 14,13, unde har-mo’ed este tradus ,,muntele adunării” şi desemnează muntele pe care a fost aşezat templul lui Solomon, la nord de Ierusalimul antic, se spune despre Lucifer că a dorit să ia locul lui Dumnezeu, în calitatea Sa de conducător suprem al lui Israel (vezi comentariul de acolo). Compară cu sintagma ,,cortul întâlnirii” (Exodul 33,7; etc.).

Adepţii primei interpretări cu privire la Armaghedon consideră că acest cuvânt vine de la ebraicul har-megiddo, ,,muntele lui Megiddo”, şi interpretează numele aşa cum este folosit în Apocalipsa 16,16, în termenii împrejurărilor geografice şi ai evenimentelor istorice ale oraşului antic Megiddo. Adepţii celui de-al doilea punct de vedere interpretează prima etimologie în mod figurat, adică evenimentele istoriei Vechiului Testament, asociate cu împrejurimile geografice ale cetăţii antice Megiddo (vezi Judecători 4,4 la 5,31, în special cap. 5,31; cap. 6,33 la 7,25; 1 Regi 18,36–40; Psalmi 83; compară cu 2 Cronici 35,20–24), dar fără a atribui o semnificaţie geografică termenului Armaghedon din Apocalipsa 16,16 (vezi comentariul de la v. 12). Ei înţeleg a doua etimologie, har-mo’ed, tot figurat, pe baza folosirii acestui cuvânt în Isaia 14,13, în termenii marii lupte dintre Hristos şi Satana (vezi Apocalipsa 12,7–9.17; 17,14; 19,11–21).


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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here. Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.

Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.

1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.

2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.

3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.

4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).

5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.

6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.

7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.

8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.


How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones

It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.

A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).

The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version. Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain the software to be installed on your mobile phone.

I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing, to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.

There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor) files. These JAD files has to be uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).

There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid

Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of the software.


1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
 

If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is enough to access https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/  from the browser of the mobile phone, and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more). After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile phone.

Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.

2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.

If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared port of the computer (preferable laptop).

c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g. on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have larger fonts, full screen display etc.

3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check if exists).

4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:

a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next, you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the JAR desired file.

5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to download and run Java applications.


Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific models.

Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).

Multilingual Online Ebooks

It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.


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Source: Text from read this link, compiled by biblephone2008@gmail.com





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