Printable ModeExod 3:1
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3:1 Moise păştea turma socrului său Ietro, preotul Madianului. Odată a mânat turma până dincolo de pustie, şi a ajuns la muntele lui Dumnezeu, la Horeb. Ietro. Un alt nume pentru Reuel (vezi comentariul pentru cap 2,18). Despre preoţia lui, vezi cap. 2,16; despre aşezarea Madianului, vezi cap. 2,15. Dincolo de pustie. Muntele Horeb trebuie să fie căutat în partea centrală a peninsulei Sinai, şi conform cu acest verset, patria lui Ietro era despărţită de el printr-un deşert. De aceea, locuinţa lui trebuie să fi fost la est sau sud-est de Horeb, şi nu spre nord-est, aşa cum consideră unii. Numai în felul acesta este posibil a se explica următoarele două fapte: (1) Când s-a întors din Madian în Egipt, Moise a mers pe drumul Horebului, unde l-a întâlnit Aaron, venind din Egipt (cap. 4,27). (2) În călătoria lor, izraeliţii n-au întâlnit nici un fel de madianiţi prin deşert, deşi drumul spre patria lui Hobab, madianitul, i-a despărţit de al lor, când au plecat de la Sinai (Numeri 10,30). Cuvântul tradus ,,spre partea dinapoi” înseamnă uneori ,,apus”, ca în RSV din Judecători 18,12; Ezechiel 41,15; Zaharia 14,8; Isaia 9,12. Aceasta se datora faptului că evreii erau de obicei, cu faţa spre răsărit când indicau direcţiile şi, de aceea, apusul era ,,înapoia” lor în timp ce răsăritul era ,,înainte”. Aceasta reiese clar din LXX, Isaia 9,12. Mai departe este evident că Horeb se afla la apus de locul natal al lui Ietro. Cuvântul tradus ,,spre partea dinapoi” (engleză) este redat ,,partea de apus” în RSV. Muntele lui Dumnezeu. Exodul a fost scris după arătarea lui Dumnezeu la Horeb, care i-a dat numele de ,,Muntele lui Dumnezeu”. Horeb şi Sinai sunt două nume pentru acelaşi munte (vezi Exod 19,11; Deuteronom 4,10). Prin secolul al cincilea d.Hr., Horeb a fost identificat cu unul din piscurile muntelui din partea centrală de sud a lui Sinai numit Jebel Musa, ,,Muntele lui Moise”. Este înalt de 2544 m şi se ridică la vreo 500 m deasupra văilor înconjurătoare. Totuşi s-a observat că acest munte este invizibil din cea mai mare câmpie din vecinătate, er-Raha, care este considerată ,,pustia Sinai” (cap. 19,2). Această câmpie oferă loc pentru o mare mulţime de oameni şi, cu unele văi mici care-i aparţin, ea are un număr de izvoare. Totuşi, din şesul er-Raha, piscul învecinat Ras es-Safsaf de 2213 m înălţime, poate fi văzut cu uşurinţă. Din motivul acesta mulţi cercetători care acceptă identificarea tradiţională a şesului er-Raha cu pustia Sinai, cred că Muntele Sinai trebuie să fie identificat cu Ras es-Safsaf mai degrabă, decât cu Jebel Musa. Alţii au identificat muntele Legii cu Jebel Serbal, care se află la vreo 15 mile spre nord-vest de, cel mai impresionant munte din întreaga peninsulă Sinai. Jebel Serbal, cu o înălţime de numai 2287 m, este departe de a fi unul din cei mai înalţi munţi din regiune, dar se înalţă prăpăstios din Wadi Feiran, care are o înălţime medie de 667 m. Marea diferenţă de altitudine justifică aspectul impresionant al lui Jebel Serbal. Acesta este unul din motivele pentru care unii cercetători văd în el Horebul, şi în Wadi Feiran, ,,pustia Sinai” din Exod. Al doilea motiv este că tradiţia care leagă Jebel Serbal cu muntele Sinai pare să fie mai timpurie decât aceea care identifică pe Jebel Musa cu Muntele Sinai. Deoarece nu există nici o dovadă hotărâtă spre a sprijini vreuna din identificări, acum nu se poate determina dacă Horeb este Jebel Musa, la poalele căruia este faimoasa mănăstire Sf. Ecaterina, unde Tischendorf a găsit Codex Sinaiticus, sau învecinatul Ras es-Safsaf, ori chiar Jebel Serbal (vezi comentariul pentru cap. 19,1.20). |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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