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Exod 15:20


15:20 Maria, prorociţa, sora lui Aaron, a luat în mână o timpană, şi toate femeile au venit după ea, cu timpane şi jucând.

Maria proorociţa. Maria este prima femeie pe care Biblia o onorează cu acest titlu. Au urmat şi altele, din timp în timp, în decursul istoriei poporului lui Dumnezeu (vezi Judecători 4,4; 2 Regi 22,14; Isaia 8,3; Luca 2,36). Maria nu este numită aici proorociţă în primul rând pentru că erau inspirate cuvintele pe care le cânta, ci mai degrabă ca o recunoaştere a rolului ei în legătură cu Exodul, şi numai în al doilea rând pentru partea luată de Moise şi Aaron (vezi PP 382). Ea a pretins în mod specific că are darul profetic (Numeri 12,2), deoarece Dumnezeu vorbise prin ea. Profetul Mica declară că Domnul a eliberat pe Israel din Egipt prin Moise, Aaron şi Maria (Mica 6,4). Misiunea ei putea să fi fost de a comunica poporului solii prin care era păstrată vie speranţa eliberării în timpul întunecoşilor ani de asuprire. Ea poate că a dat învăţătură, a îndemnat şi mustrat poporul. Totuşi, aici, la Marea Roşie, ea apare ca o cântăreaţă inspirată şi talentată. La această dată, ea trebuie să fi avut vârsta de peste 90 de ani. (Exod 2,4; 7,7).

Sora lui Aaron. Deşi, fără îndoială că Maria era şi sora lui Moise şi fusese mijlocul prin care el a fost ocrotit în copilărie, aici ea este numită sora lui Aaron. Aceasta poate că arată o poziţie subordonată în raport cu cea deţinută de Moise, dar comparabilă cu aceea a lui Aaron, care era el însuşi subordonat lui Moise (vezi cap. 4,16).

A luat o timpană. Instrumentul la care a cântat Maria şi femeile care o acompaniau era fie o tamburină, fie o tobă de mână. Comentatorii moderni specializaţi în istoria instrumentelor muzicale antice favorizează traducerea ultimă. Acelaşi cuvânt pentru timpană, toph, este folosit în ebraica şi araba modernă pentru a indica o tobă de mână. Vechi tablouri egiptene despre acest instrument îl arată ca fiind făcut din cercuri de lemn şi două piei, dar fără beţe. El este bătut de mâna celui care cântă. În Biblie, la acest instrument cântă de obicei femeile (Judecători 11,34; 1 Samuel 18,6; Psalmi 68,25), cum era în Egipt, dar uneori şi bărbaţii (1 Samuel 10,5). Adesea era însoţit de cântare şi dans, probabil pentru a accentua bătaia şi era considerat ca instrument de bucurie. În Vechiul Testament, el era de obicei însoţit de petrecere şi laudă.

Toate femeile. Despărţirea bărbaţilor şi a femeilor în două orchestre distincte era un obicei egiptean, tot aşa cum era şi executarea dansurilor de către grupe de bărbaţi şi de femei, care însoţeau paşii lor cu muzică. Se pare că acest obicei a fost luat de la egipteni în timpul îndelungatei lor rămâneri în Egipt. În vremurile de mai târziu, le găsim pe femeile ebraice luând parte la celebrarea victoriilor, când oştile se întorceau şi le întâmpinau cu muzică şi cântec (vezi Judecători 11,34; 21,21; 1 Samuel 18,6.7; 29,5).

Jucând. Folosirea dansurilor în ceremoniile religioase, atât de contrare bunei cuviinţe apusene, a fost din totdeauna acceptabilă spiritului şi sentimentului oriental. În relatarea Vechiului Testament se află diferite feluri de dansuri. David a dansat înaintea chivotului când l-a adus la Ierusalim (2 Samuel 6,16), fiica lui Iefta l-a întâmpinat cu dans pe tatăl ei biruitor (Judecători 11,34) şi fetele din Silo au dat o serbare în acest fel (Judecători 21,21). Dansarea mai este amintită cu aprobare de psalmist (Psalmi 142,3; 150,4). Dansul vremurilor biblice era o expresie exterioară a bucuriei sfinte, împărtăşindu-se de acelaşi spirit ca şi cântările de laudă sau rugăciunile de mulţumire. El era în mod distinct un act de închinare şi Dumnezeu l-a primit ca atare (compară cu Ioan 6,37). Dansul social modern nu are nici o asemănare cu dansul religios al vremurilor biblice, pentru că în el nu era nici un amestec de bărbaţi şi femei, şi singurul obiectiv al participanţilor era exprimarea iubirii, consacrării şi recunoştinţei faţă de Dumnezeu. Dansul din vechime făcea parte integrantă din ritualul de închinare.


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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here. Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.

Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.

1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.

2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.

3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.

4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).

5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.

6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.

7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.

8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.


How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones

It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.

A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).

The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version. Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain the software to be installed on your mobile phone.

I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing, to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.

There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor) files. These JAD files has to be uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).

There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid

Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of the software.


1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
 

If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is enough to access https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/  from the browser of the mobile phone, and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more). After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile phone.

Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.

2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.

If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared port of the computer (preferable laptop).

c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g. on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have larger fonts, full screen display etc.

3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check if exists).

4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:

a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next, you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the JAR desired file.

5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to download and run Java applications.


Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific models.

Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).

Multilingual Online Ebooks

It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.


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Source: Text from read this link, compiled by biblephone2008@gmail.com





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