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Daniel 11:30


11:30 Ci nişte corăbii din Chitim vor înainta împotriva lui; iar el, deznădăjduit, se va întoarce înapoi. Apoi, mânios împotriva legământului sfânt, nu va sta cu mâinile în sân; ci, la întoarcere, se va înţelege cu cei ce vor părăsi legământul sfânt.

Chitim. Numele Chitim apare de câteva ori în Vechiul Testament şi în alte scrieri mai vechi iudaice, şi este folosit într-o interesantă varietate de feluri. La Geneza 10,4 (vezi comentariul de acolo; comp. 1Cronici 1,7), Chitim este pus pe lista fiilor lui Iavan şi ca nepot al lui Iafet. Teritoriul ocupat de descendenţii lui Chitim a fost probabil Cipru. Oraşul fenician principal din Cipru, pe coasta de sud-este era cunoscut în limba feniciană drept Kt, în limba greacă Kition, şi în latină Citium. Balaam declară în profeţia lui (Numeri 24,24) că, ,,nişte corăbii vor veni din(spre) Chitim, şi vor smeri pe Aşur”. Unii au aplicat prezicerea aceasta la înfrângerea Persiei în Mesopotamia de către Alexandru cel Mare, care a venit din ţinuturile de coastă ale Mediteranei (vezi comentariul la Numeri 24,24). ,,Ostroavele Chitim” din Ieremia 2,10 şi Ezechiel 27,6, după cât se pare se referă şi ele tot la ţinuturile de coastă ale Mediteranei.

În literatura iudaică post-biblică termenul apare în 1Macabei 1,1 ca o descriere a Macedoniei. Pe lângă aceasta, două din sulurile descoperite de curând la Marea Moartă conţin numele acestea. Formele Ktyy’şur, ,,Chitim al lui Aşur” (Asiria), Hktyym bmsrym, ,,Chitimul din Egipt”, apare în The War Between the Sons of Light and the Sons of Darkness. Expresiile se pot referi la seleucizi şi ptolemei – împărăţia de la miazănoapte şi împărăţia de la miazăzi. Pare să se fi pierdut pe de-a întregul asocierea geografică a termenului Chitim cu ţinuturile de coastă ale Mediteranei, iar Chitim a devenit un termen generalizat pentru vrăjmaşii iudeilor. Habakkuk Commentary, un manuscris găsit printre sulurile de le Marea Moartă menţionează şi el pe Chitim. Autorul acestei cărţi credea că profeţiile lui Habacuc se refereau la necazurile iudeilor de pe vremea lui (probabil pe la mijlocul secolului I î.Hr.). El interpreta Habacuc 1,6-11 unde profetul îi descrie pe haldei, ca referindu-se la Chitim, care îi jefuiau pe iudei pe vremea sa. În contextul istoric al acestei lucrări termenul îi desemnează, probabil, pe romani. Vezi Vol I, p. 31-34.

În legătură cu aceasta este interesant de observat că LXX tradusă probabil în secolul al II-lea î.Hr., zice la Daniel 11,30 ,,Romani” şi nu ,,Chitim”. Pare clar, deci, că deşi cuvântul Chitim la început se referă la Cipru şi la locuitorii lui, mai târziu a fost extins spre a include ţărmurile mediteraneene de la apus de Palestina, şi mai târziu a ajuns să se aplice în general la apăsătorii străini fie că veneau de la sud (Egipt), fie că veneau de la nord (Siria), sau de la apus (Macedonia şi Roma).

În ce priveşte data autorului, cartea lui Daniel se găseşte mult mai aproape de referinţele din Ieremia şi Ezechiel, decât de acelea de origine post-biblică, care, într-adevăr, s-au ivit probabil ca o extensie a întrebuinţării biblice. Frazeologia versetului prezent, totuşi, este o aluzie clară la Numeri 24,24, unde se face referire la cuceritori venind de la apus (vezi comentariul de acolo). Deşi cercetătorii Bibliei nu sunt cu toţii de acord cu privire la referirea istorică despre ,,Chitim” din versetul acesta, pare clar că în interpretarea acestui pasaj ar trebui să se păstreze în minte două lucruri: întâi, că pe vremea lui Daniel cuvântul se referea, din punct de vedere geografic, la ţările şi popoarele din apus; şi al doilea, că accentul poate să fi fost deja în curs de tranziţie de la sensul geografic al cuvântului la ideea de Chitim ca năvălitori şi invadatori din orice parte.

Unii văd în ,,corăbii din Chitim” o referire la hoardele barbare care au năvălit în Imperiul Roman de Apus şi l-au zdrobit.

Legământ. Vezi comentariul la v. 28. Unii văd în mânia descrisă aici o referire la eforturile Romei de a distruge legământul sfânt prin suprimarea Sfintelor Scripturi şi oprimarea acelora care credeau în ele.

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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here. Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.

Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.

1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.

2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.

3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.

4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).

5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.

6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.

7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.

8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.


How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones

It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.

A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).

The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version. Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain the software to be installed on your mobile phone.

I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing, to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.

There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor) files. These JAD files has to be uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).

There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid

Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of the software.


1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
 

If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is enough to access https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/  from the browser of the mobile phone, and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more). After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile phone.

Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.

2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.

If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared port of the computer (preferable laptop).

c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g. on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have larger fonts, full screen display etc.

3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check if exists).

4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:

a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next, you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the JAR desired file.

5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to download and run Java applications.


Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific models.

Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).

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Source: Text from read this link, compiled by biblephone2008@gmail.com





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