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Electronic Books / Adventist / Romanian_non-diacritics / Comentarii Biblice / Web / Psalmi

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Psalmi, 59


59:1 Dumnezeule, scapa-ma de vrajmasii mei, ocroteste-ma de potrivnicii mei!

INTRODUCERE. - Psalmul 59 este asemanator in ceea ce priveste fundalul cu Psalmii 56, 57,

58. E un strigat de eliberare dintr-o mare primejdie, incheindu-se cu o brusca si dramatica trecere la multumire ca deoarece izbavirea e sigura. Psalmul are doua parti importante: v. 1-10, care contin o rugaminte de izbavire de vrajmasi, si v. 11-17, care contin o cerere de pedepsire a lor. Stilul viguros si categoric al psalmului este marcat de repetarea atat a versetelor pitoresti (vezi v. 6 si 14), cat si a unui refren ( vezi v. 9 si 17) in puncte potrivite din cele doua sectiuni.

Potrivit preambulului, ocazia compunerii psalmului a fost intamplarea cand Saul a trimis oameni sa supravegheze casa lui David cu scopul de a-l omori (vezi 1 Samuel 19,11-18). Cu privire la preambul, vezi p. 616, 627, 629.

1. Scapa-ma. Sau "smulge-ma de aici". Aceasta este rugaciunea repetata a psalmistului (vezi Psalm 7,1; 17,13; 22,20; etc.). David doreste sa fie pazit de toti vrasmasii sai, indiferent ca sunt in propria lui gospodarie, la curte, in popor sau printre neamuri.

Ocroteste-ma. Literal, "fa-ma inalt", adica "fa-ma de neajuns" (vezi Psalm 18,48).



59:2 Scapa-ma de raufacatori, izbaveste-ma de oamenii setosi de sange!

Oamenii setosi de sange. Literal "oameni ai sangelui", adica ucigasi.



59:3 Caci iata-i ca stau la panda sa-mi ia viata; niste oameni porniti la rau urzesc lucruri rele impotriva mea, fara sa fiu vinovat, fara sa fi pacatuit, Doamne!

Stau la panda. Vrajmasul e asemanat cu fiarele salbatice gata sa sara asupra prazii lor.

Viata. [Sufletul, KJV]. Sau "pe mine" (vezi Psalm 16,10). Potrivit cu raportul din 1 Samuel 19,11-18, sotia lui David, Mical, fiica lui Saul, i-a povestit lui David despre intentia criminala a lui Saul si l-a ajutat sa fuga printr-o fereastra noaptea.

Oameni porniti la rau. [Puternici, KJV]. Sau "furiosi", cei folositi de Saul sa aduca la indeplinire scopul lui criminal. Fara sa fi pacatuit. [Nu pentru abaterea mea, KJV]. Psalmistul sustine vehement ca este nevinovat.



59:4 Cu toata nevinovatia mea, ei alearga, se pregatesc: trezeste-Te, iesi inaintea mea, si priveste!

Alearga, se pregatesc. Limbajul actiunilor militare. Cu toata nevinovatia mea. Adica "nu pentru vreo greseala a mea" (RSV). Trezeste-te. Vezi Psalm 7,6; 35,23. Iesi inaintea mea. [Sa-mi ajuti, KJV]. Literal, "sa ma intampini", in ideea de a da ajutor.



59:5 Doamne, Dumnezeul ostirilor, Dumnezeul lui Israel, scoala-Te, ca sa pedepsesti toate neamurile! N-avea mila de nici unul din acesti vanzatori nelegiuiti. (Oprire).

[Tu, KJV]. [In rom., subinteles]. Pronumele primeste forta suplimentara datorita pozitiei lui, la inceputul propozitiei. Doamne, Dumnezeul ostirilor. Vezi Psalm 24,10. Vezi de asemenea Psalm 80,4.19; 89,8; Isaia 1,9.

Dumnezeul lui Israel. Vezi la Psalm 14,7; vezi si la Psalm 72,18. Aceasta serie de titluri atrage atentia asupra puterii nemarginite a lui Dumnezeu si a grijii Lui deosebite pentru copiii Sai (vezi vol. I, p. 170-173).

Sa pedepsesti. [Sa vizitezi, KJV]. Ebr. paqad, un cuvant care descrie nu numai actiune in sine de a vizita, dar si ceea ce vizitatorul savarseste prin vizita sa (vezi la Psalm 8,4). Aici obiectul vizitarii este evident acela de a pedepsi.

Toate neamurile. [Pe toti paganii, KJV]. Psalmistul include in rugaciunea sa nu numai pe vrajmasii sai nelegiuiti, ci si pe toti vrajmasii lui Dumnezeu (vezi la Psalm 2,1; 9,5).

N-avea mila. Pentru explicarea spiritului de aparenta dorinta de razbunare exprimate de David in v. 5.8.10-15, vezi p. 624.

Oprire. [Selah, KJV]. Compara cu v.13. Termenul apare in locuri potrivite in cele doua parti importante ale psalmului (vezi introducerea la Psalm 59). Cu privire la intelegerea expresiei selah, vezi p. 629.



59:6 Se intorc in fiecare seara, urla ca niste caini, si dau ocol cetatii.

Urla. [Fac zgomot, KJV]. Sau "a marai".

Ca niste caini. Psalmistul ii compara pe vrajmasii sai (v. 1.2) cu niste caini pe jumatate morti de foame, pe jumatate salbatici din Orient, care dorm ascunsi in timpul zilei si vin in targuri si in sate noaptea dand tarcoale in cautarea de hrana (vezi la Psalm 22,16).

Dau ocol. Vrajmasii patruleaza prin cetatea pentru a fi siguri ca psalmistul nu le scape. Ebraica din versetul acesta este aproape identica cu ebraica din v. 14 (vezi la v. 14).



59:7 Da, din gura lor tasneste raul, pe buzele lor sunt sabii; caci zic: Cine aude?

Tasneste. Sau "se revarsa", "face sa izvorasca" (vezi Proverbe 15,2).

Cine aude? Vezi la Psalm 10,11.



59:8 Dar Tu, Doamne, razi de ei, Tu Iti bati joc de toate neamurile.

Tu. Vezi la v. 5.

Razi. Vezi la Psalm 2,4.

Neamurile. Vezi la v. 5.



59:9 Oricare le-ar fi puterea, eu in Tine nadajduiesc, caci Dumnezeu este scaparea mea.

Puterea. Multe manuscrise ebraice si LXX, precum si alte versiuni, zic "puterea mea", sugerand astfel ideea ca prin aceasta expresie psalmistul se adreseaza lui Dumnezeu (vezi v. 17; Psalm 28,7.8). Expresia "caci" nu apare in ebraica. Versetele 9 si 10 constituie un refren, care e repetat cu modificari in v. 17.

Nadajduiesc. [Voi nadajdui, KJV]. Dupa izbavire nu trebuie sa slabim vigilenta si efortul pentru ca nu cumva sa dam ocazie vrajmasului ne asalteze din nou, cat timp suntem neatenti. Scaparea. [Apararea, KJV]. Literal, "un loc inalt si sigur", "o cetatuie".



59:10 Dumnezeul meu, in bunatatea Lui, imi iese inainte, Dumnezeu ma face sa-mi vad implinita dorinta fata de cei ce ma prigonesc.

Bunatatea. [Indurarea, KJV]. Ebr. chesed (vezi nota suplimentara la Psalm 36).

Imi iese inainte. [Va apara, KJV]. Literal, "va confrunta" (vezi la Psalm 18,5; 21,3).

Ma face sa-mi vad. Vezi Psalm 54,7.



59:11 Nu-i ucide, ca sa nu uite lucrul acesta poporul meu, ci fa-i sa pribegeasca, prin puterea Ta, si doboara-i, Doamne, Scutul nostru!

Nu-i ucide. Adica nu imediat. Lui Cain i s-a ingaduit sa pribegeasca pe pamant ca o pilda vie a urmarilor nenorocite ale urii si uciderii (vezi Genesa 4,12-14). Psalmul 59,11 este inceputul celei de a doua parti a psalmului. Versetele 11-15 contin o serie de imprecatii tare, cerand aducere treptata a pedepsei asupra vrajmasilor nelegiuiti ai psalmistului, probabil pentru a da timp oamenilor sa vada urmari depline ale pacatului (vezi la v. 5).

Poporul meu. O expresie care sugereaza sentimentele duioase ale psalmistului pentru poporul lui Israel. El gandeste ca intregul popor ar trebui sa fie ingrijorat de nelegiuirea generalizata. Uita. Cand ne bucuram de eliberare deplina, tindem sa uitam primejdiile din care am fost scapati (vezi Psalm 78,11.42; 106,13.21; etc.).

Scutul. In armonie cu folosirea ugaritica (vezi p. 618), ebraicul magen ar trebui probabil sa fie tradus cu un verb, "a implora", "a cere staruitor", ca si in alte parti in psalm (vezi la Psalm 84,9). Propozitia ar suna atunci astfel: "te rugam, o, Doamne".



59:12 Gura lor pacatuieste la fiecare vorba, care le iese de pe buze: sa se prinda in insasi mandria lor, caci nu spun decat blesteme si minciuni:

Gura lor pacatuieste. Vezi v. 7.

Sa se prinda. Literal, "sa fie prinsi", adica asa cum ar fi prinsi intr-o capcana sau cursa (vezi Psalm 55,23).

In insasi mandria lor. Probabil cand erau siguri de izbanda lor.



59:13 Nimiceste-i, in mania Ta, prapadeste-i, ca sa nu mai fie! Fa-i sa stie ca imparateste Dumnezeu peste Iacov, pana la marginile pamantului.

Nimiceste-i. Literal, "pune capat" sau "completeaza". Nu imediat, ci dupa ce lucrarile lui Dumnezeu au fost clar vazute de toti. Expresia este repetata cu scop de accentuare (vezi Psalm 57,1).

Ca imparateste Dumnezeu. Dumnezeu este Conducatorul universal, pedepsind nelegiuirea si

rasplatind dreptatea (vezi 1 Samuel 17,46).

Iacov. Vezi la Psalm 14,7.

Marginile pamantului. Dumnezeu conduce toate imparatiile lumii, nu numai pe Israel.

Oprire. [Selah, KJV]. Vezi p. 629.



59:14 Se intorc in fiecare seara, urla ca niste caini, si dau ocol cetatii.

In fiecare seara. Vezi v. 6. Ebraica v. 14 este aceea a v. 6, cu exceptia adaugarii conjunctiei we, "si", la inceputul v. 14. Versetul 6 descrie purtarea vrajmasilor; v. 14 descrie pedeapsa pe care psalmistul o invoca asupra vrajmasilor in lumina purtarii lor. Limbajul este unul al triumfului. Vrajmasii pot sa se intoarca si sa strige, dar ei vor fi dezamagiti.



59:15 Umbla incoace si incolo dupa hrana, si petrec noaptea ne satui.

Umbla incoace si incolo. [Pribegesc, KJV]. In ebraica versetul acesta incepe cu hemmah, tradus normal prin "ei", dar aici neluat in seama de KJV. Ugaritica (vezi p. 618) arata ca hemmah este si o particula cu intelesul de "iata", "vedeti" sau "intr-adevar". O astfel de traducere se incadreaza bine in context. De aceea expresia trebuie sa fie redata astfel: "Iata ei umbla incoace si incolo dupa hrana".

Hrana. Psalmistul era prada dorita.

Petrec noaptea nesatui. [Si se plang daca nu sunt multumiti, KJV]. Ebr. lin, literal, "a petrece noaptea". O usoara modificare a punctuatiei vocalice da un lun, care inseamna "a murmura". Schimbarea aceasta a fost adoptata de LXX, de KJV si de alte versiuni. Vrajmasii umbla toata noaptea dupa prada, dar in zadar.



59:16 Dar eu voi canta puterea Ta; dis-de-dimineata, voi lauda bunatatea Ta. Caci Tu esti un turn de scapare pentru mine, un loc de adapost in ziua necazului meu.

Dar eu. In contrast clar cu vrajmasii din v. 15.

Puterea. Ebr. 'oz, "tarie" in v. 9 [KJV].

Dis de dimineata. Pe cat se pare in contrast clar cu "seara" (v. 6.14).

Loc de adapost. Sau "loc de scapare". Cu toate ca psalmistul a folosit mijloacele sale pentru a scapa (vezi 1 Samuel 19,12), pe buna dreptate el a atribuit izbavirea sa indurarii divine.

59:17 O, Taria mea! pe Tine Te voi lauda, caci Dumnezeu, Dumnezeul meu cel prea bun, este turnul meu de scapare.

Pe Tine. Un refren asemanator cu acela din v. 9 si 10.


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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here. Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.

Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.

1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.

2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.

3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.

4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).

5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.

6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.

7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.

8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.


How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones

It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.

A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).

The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version. Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain the software to be installed on your mobile phone.

I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing, to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.

There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor) files. These JAD files has to be uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).

There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid

Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of the software.


1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
 

If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is enough to access https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/  from the browser of the mobile phone, and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more). After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile phone.

Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.

2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.

If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared port of the computer (preferable laptop).

c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g. on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have larger fonts, full screen display etc.

3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check if exists).

4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:

a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next, you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the JAR desired file.

5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to download and run Java applications.


Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific models.

Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).

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Source: Text from read this link, compiled by biblephone2008@gmail.com





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