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Electronic Books / Adventist / Romanian_non-diacritics / Comentarii Biblice / Web / Psalmi

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Psalmi, 49


49:1 Ascultati lucrul acesta, toate popoarele, luati aminte, toti locuitorii lumii:

INTODUCERE. -Psalmul 49 cuprinde un raspuns la intrebarea: "Pentru ce se pare ca bogatii au un avantaje in viata?" Psalmul ne invata ca bogatia nu poate sa amane moartea si ca la moarte bogatii sunt adusi la acelasi nivel cu saracii. Dupa o introducere de patru versete, acest poem didactic trateaza vremelnicia omului, cu un accent deosebit asupra bogatului lumesc (v. 5-13) si apoi asupra mangaierii care poate fi obtinuta de pe urma sfarsitului celor drepti, care este viata vesnica, in contrast cu acela al celor nelegiuiti (v. 14-20). Psalmul 49 este recitat in familia iudaica moderna ortodoxa, in saptamana de doliu care urmeaza unui deces in familie.

Cu privire la preambul vezi p. 617, 627.

1. Toate popoarele. Problema care urmeaza sa fie tratata merita atentia intregii omeniri. Versetele 1-4 constituie un indemn introductiv, solemn si explicit (vezi Deuteronom 32,1; Psalm 50,1; Isaia 1,2; Mica 1,2).

Lumii. Ebr. cheled, "durata vietii". Cheled e folosit si pentru a desemna "lumea" ca fiind compusa din generatiile de oameni trecatoare (vezi Psalm 17,14).

49:2 mici si mari, bogati si saraci!

Mici si mari. Literal, "fii ai oamenilor de rand [ebr. adam] si fii ai oamenilor mari" [ebr. ish] (vezi la Psalm 4,2; Psalm 8,4). Psalmul ii invata pe cei umili sa nu-i invidieze pe cei bogati si nici sa nu se teama de ei, iar pe cei bogati sa nu se increada in bogatiile lor si nici sa nu le foloseasca in chip nedrept pentru a-i impovara pe cei saraci. In felul acesta bogatii sunt avertizati, iar saracii sunt mangaiati.

49:3 Gura mea va vorbi cuvinte intelepte, si inima mea are ganduri pline de judecata.

Cuvinte intelepte. In ebraica cuvintele pentru "intelepciune" si pentru "pricepere" sunt la plural, atragand atentia asupra diferitelor aspecte ale acestor aptitudini. Vezi la Psalm 1,2 pentru definitii ale "intelepciunii" si "priceperii".

49:4 Eu imi plec urechea la pildele care imi sunt insuflate, imi incep cantarea in sunetul harfei.

Pildele. Ebr. mashal, "omotetie", "proverb", "cantare" sau "poem", (vezi p. 945).

Cantarea. [Vorbire ascunsa, KJV]. Sau "sarada", un amanunt atat de neclar ca are nevoie de descurcare.

Arfei. Mai bine "o lira" (vezi p. 34). Ganduri demni de a fi retinute sunt adesea cel mai bine pastrate in minte cand sunt puse pe muzica. "Putine mijloace sunt mai eficiente sa fixeze cuvintele Lui [Dumnezeu] in memorie decat repetarea lor in cantare." (Ed 167).

49:5 Pentru ce sa ma tem in zilele nenorocirii, cand ma inconjoara nelegiuirea potrivnicilor mei?

Pentru ce? Psalmistul expune intai rezultatele mangaietoare ale meditatiei sale, inainte de a continua prezentarea. El ajunsese la concluzia ca nu are motiv sa se teama.

49:6 Ei se incred in avutiile lor, si se falesc cu bogatia lor cea mare.

Verset ce nu a fost comentat.

49:7 Dar nu pot sa se rascumpere unul pe altul, nici sa dea lui Dumnezeu pretul rascumpararii.

Nu poate sa se rascumpere. O negare exprimata in mod emfatic in ebraica. Nimeni nu poate sa salveze pe altul de la moarte, nici chiar pe fratele sau. Nimeni nu poate pune asupra altuia raspunderea sa sau sa o preia pe a altuia.

49:8 Rascumpararea sufletului lor este asa de scumpa, ca nu se va face niciodata.

Rascumpararea. Versetul 8 este parantetic.

Sufletul lor. "Lor insasi" (vezi la Psalm 16,10). Rascumpararea unei persoane de la moarte este tema prezentarii psalmistului.

Scumpa. A rascumpara pe un om de la moarte nu sta in puterea bogatiei.

Nu se va face niciodata. [Nu inceteaza niciodata, KJV]. Bogatia este insuficienta, oricat timp

ar putea fi la dispozitie, de a izbavi de la moarte macar o fiinta omeneasca.

49:9 Nu vor trai pe vecie, nu pot sa nu vada mormantul.

Mormantul. [Stricaciunea, KJV]. Vezi la Psalm 16,10.

49:10 Da, il vor vedea: caci inteleptii mor, nebunul si prostul deopotriva pier, si lasa altora avutiile lor.

[Ei, KJV]. Bogatii (v. 6). Versetul 10 sustine o lege naturala evidenta. Nici macar intelepciunea nu il fereste de moarte pe cel care o poseda.

49:11 Ei isi inchipuie ca vesnice le vor fi casele, ca locuintele lor vor dainui din veac in veac, ei, care dau numele lor la tari intregi.

Ei isi inchipuie. [Gandul lor launtric, KJV]. Bogatul pare sa uite ca, mai curand sau mai tarziu, oamenii uita numele celui care a fost candva stapan peste averile lor, iar amintirea lor piere.

49:12 Dar omul pus in cinste nu dainuieste, ci este ca dobitoacele care se taie.

In cinste. Sau "in splendoare". Nu dainuieste. Versetul 12 este refrenul psalmului. El apare din nou cu modificari la v. 20. Dainuieste. Ebr. lin, "a petrece noaptea" fara a ramane de tot. El nici macar nu isi petrece "noaptea" vietii, ci trece repede. Se taie. [Pier, KJV]. Literal, "sunt reduse la tacere" sau "sunt duse la odihna".

49:13 Iata ce soarta au ei, cei plini de atata incredere, precum si cei ce ii urmeaza, carora le plac cuvintele lor.

Cei ce ii urmeaza. Cei ce ii urmeaza sunt la fel de neintelepti ca si parintii lor.

Le plac cuvintele lor. [Aproba cuvintele lor, KJV]. Literal, "se delecteaza cu gura lor". Acesti urmasi neintelepti au placerea sa rosteasca ganduri neintelepte, ca si stramosii lor bogati. Raul e dus mai departe.

Oprire. [Selah, KJV]. Vezi p. 629.

49:14 Sunt dusi ca o turma in locuinta mortilor, ii paste moartea, si in curand oamenii fara prihana ii calca in picioare: li se duce frumusetea, si locuinta mortilor le este locasul.

Locuinta mortilor. [Mormant, KJV]. Ebr. she'ol (vezi la Proverbe 15,11). Ii paste. Ebr. ra'ah, "a paste o turma", "a indeplini slujba de pastor". Ideea nu este ca moartea ii va manca, ci ca moartea le va fi pastor. Frumusetea. Trupul se descompune si se transforma in tarana.

49:15 Dar mie Dumnezeu imi va scapa sufletul din locuinta mortilor, caci ma va lua sub ocrotirea Lui.

Sufletul. "Pe mine" (vezi la Psalm 16,10).

Din locuinta mortii. [Din puterea mormantului, KJV]. Literal, "din mana lui she'ol" (vezi la Proverbe 15,11), o personificare impresionanta.

Ma va lua sub ocrotirea Sa. [El ma va primi, KJV]. Mai bine: "El ma va primi pentru Sine". In aceasta scurta expresie, cu atat mai puternica cu cat este mai scurta, este sugerata doctrina vietii viitoare si a invierii din morti (vezi PK 264). In Genesa 5,24 o alta forma a aceluiasi verb descrie stramutarea lui Enoh (vezi 2 Regi 3,10).

Oprire. [Selah, KJV]. Vezi p. 629.

49:16 Nu te teme cand se imbogateste cineva, si cand i se inmultesc vistieriile casei;

Nu te teme. Psalmistul trece de la incurajarea de sine la incurajarea altora.

Vistieriile. [Slava, KJV]. Aceasta poate fi pusa in seama fastului pe care o procura bogatia.

49:17 caci nu ia nimic cu el cand moare: vistieriile lui nu se pogoara dupa el.

Nu ia nimic cu el. Vezi Iov 1,21; Eclesiastul 5,15; Luca 12,20; 1 Timotei 6.7.

Vistieriile. [Slava, KJV]. Vezi la v. 16. Bogatia omului bogat nu poate cobori in mormant impreuna cu el. In ciuda obiceiului multora de a ingropa bogatii odata cu cel decedat, trupul se preface in tarana.

49:18 Sa se tot creada omul fericit in viata, sa se tot laude cu bucuriile pe care si le face,

Fericit. Tabloul este acela al unui om bogat care se lauda cu iscusinta sa de a aduna multa avere (vezi Deuteronom 29,19; Luca 12,19).

Sa se tot laude. [Oamenii te vor lauda, KJV]. Multi sunt gata sa laude pe un om pentru acumularea de bogatii, dorinta universala a oamenilor. Aceasta aclamare generala nu e dovada succesului final.

49:19 caci tot in locuinta parintilor sai va merge, si nu va mai vedea lumina niciodata.

Va merge. Adica omul nelegiuit, care este subiectul psalmului.

Nu va mai vedea lumina niciodata. Pacatosul bogat si urmasii lui nu vor privi iarasi lucrurile care erau pentru ei sursa mandriei si laudei de sine a lor (vezi Iov 33,30).

49:20 Omul pus in cinste, si fara pricepere, este ca dobitoacele pe care le tai.

Ca dobitoacele. Se repeta cu usoare modificari refrenul din v. 12. In loc de "a nu dainuieste", versetul acesta zice "fara pricepere", ["nu pricepe", KJV], desi cateva manuscrise ebraice zic si aici "nu dainuieste". LXX are "nu pricepe" in ambele cazuri. In ebraica exista doar o deosebire de litera intre cele doua redari. Potrivit cu v. 12, oamenii, in general, sunt ca animalele care pier. Potrivit cu versetul acesta, oamenii pier precum animalele, numai daca nu au adevarata intelepciune.COMENTARIILE LUI ELLEN G. WHITE

6-82T 198

7, 8�

MH 210

15�



PK 264

18�



COL 258

20�



COL 258; GW 18; 4T 526

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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here. Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.

Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.

1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.

2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.

3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.

4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).

5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.

6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.

7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.

8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.


How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones

It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.

A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).

The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version. Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain the software to be installed on your mobile phone.

I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing, to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.

There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor) files. These JAD files has to be uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).

There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid

Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of the software.


1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
 

If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is enough to access https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/  from the browser of the mobile phone, and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more). After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile phone.

Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.

2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.

If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared port of the computer (preferable laptop).

c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g. on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have larger fonts, full screen display etc.

3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check if exists).

4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:

a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next, you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the JAR desired file.

5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to download and run Java applications.


Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific models.

Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).

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