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Iov, 26


26:1 Iov a luat cuvantul si a zis:

Iov. Acum incepe lungul discurs al lui Iov care se sfarseste cu capitolul 31. In cuvantarea aceasta, dupa ce trece rapid peste ultima cuvantare a lui Bildad, incepe sa explice punctele sale de vedere. In primul rand, vorbeste despre puterea si maiestatea lui Dumnezeu (26:5-14). Apoi se ocupa de chestiuni care privesc propria sa integritate si felul de purtare al lui Dumnezeu cu oamenii. Pe prima el continua o sustine. Cu privire la cea de a doua el admite ca in final vine rasplata asupra celor nelegiuiti (cap. 27). In capitolul 28, dupa ce aduce un omagiu meritat inteligentei si ingeniozitatii omului cu privire la preocuparile pamantesti, declara ca lumea spirituala si principiile guvernarii divine sunt insondabile pentru el si ca unica lui intelepciune e o purtare buna. In cele din urma, se intoarce la propriul lui caz si, dupa ce a face o descriere a propriei sale vieti anterioare prospere (cap. 29) pusa in contrast cu viata lui prezenta nenorocita (cap. 30), incheie cu marturisirea propriei sale integritati in toate datoriile si obligatiile diverse ale vietii (cap. 31).



26:2 Cat de bine stii tu sa vii in ajutorul slabiciunii! Cum dai tu ajutor bratului fara putere!

In ajutorul slabiciunii. [ai ajutat Tu?, KJV]. Versetele 2-4 cuprind o serie de intrebari menite sa scoata la iveala logica fragila a cuvantarii lui Bildad. Aceasta este cea mai lunga cuvantare sustinuta de Iov in fata unei persoane. Iov se adresa de obicei tuturor la persoana a doua plural. Bildad nu-i spusese nimic care sa nu fi stiut Iov. Ce lucru bun se realiza daca ii amintea ca era un vierme si cu totul necurat?



26:3 Ce bune sfaturi dai tu celui fara pricepere! Ce belsug de intelepciune dai tu la iveala!

Sfaturi. Probabil un comentariu ironic la gandul scurtei cuvantari a lui Bildad. Daca Iov trebuia sa admita lipsa de intelepciune, ce facuse Bildad ca sa umple golul acela?

Belsug de intelepciune. [Lucrul asa cum este, KJV]. Sau "intelepciune sanatoasa", "sfat sanatos".



26:4 Catre cine se indreapta cuvintele tale? Si al cui duh vorbeste prin tine?

Al cui duh? Care este izvorul autoritatii tale? Cu siguranta nu exista nici o dovada de inspiratie divina. Elifaz te-a inspirat (vezi cap. 4:17-19)?



26:5 Inaintea lui Dumnezeu tremura umbrele sub ape si sub locuitorii lor;

Umbrele. [lucruri moarte, KJV]. Ebr. repha'im, un termen aplicat (1) unui neam stravechi de uriasi (Genesa 14:5; 15:20; Deuteronom 3:11; Iosua 17:15); (2) unei vai din exteriorul Ierusalimului (Iosua 15:8; 18:16; 2 Samuel 5:18.22; 23:13; 1 Cronici 11:15; 14:9; Isaia 17:5); si

(3) mortilor (Psalm 88:10; Proverbe 2:18; 9:18; 21:16; Isaia 14:9; 26:14.19). Provenienta cuvantului e nesigura si cum ar putea acest cuvant sa se refere in acelasi timp la un neam de oameni si la morti nu se stie cu exactitate. Poate ca repha'im care denumeste un neam de oameni este derivat dintr-o alta radacina decat repha'im care denumeste morti. Unii au combinat cele doua idei observand ca repha'im ca neam de oameni disparuse si era fara autoritate. Falnicii lui reprezentanti zaceau intinsi in she'ol. Amintirea despre ei ajunsese vaga si obscura. Drept pentru care devenisera un simbol potrivit al celor morti.

Altii deriva intelesul de "morti" din radacina raphah, care inseamna "a se cufunda", "a relaxa". Mortii sunt socotiti cufundati si fara putere.

Faptul ca repha'im era un neam de uriasi e subinteles in Deuteronom 2:11.20; 3:11.13. Ideea de statura e derivata probabil nu dintr-un radacina inerenta din cuvantul insusi, ci din context.

Contextul lui Iov 26:5 pare sa dea de inteles ca este vorba de morti. Bildad scosese in evidenta suveranitatea lui Dumnezeu in ceruri. Iov adauga ca puterea lui Dumnezeu se extinde asupra celor ce locuiesc in she'ol (vezi v. 6).

Tremura. [Se formeaza, KJV]. Literal, "sunt facute sa tremure", din radacina chil, "a tremura", "sa se clatine". In forma simbolica mortii sunt prezentati ca fiind constienti (vezi Isaia 14:9.10), desi in fapt nu sunt (Psalm 146:4; Eclesiastul 9:5.6).



26:6 inaintea Lui locuinta mortilor este goala, adancul n-are acoperis.

Locuinta mortilor. [Iadul, KJV]. Ebr. she'ol, un loc simbolic unde toti mortii sunt descrisi ca adunati laolalta (vezi Isaia 14:9.10).

Adancul. [Nimicirea, KJV]. Ebr. 'abaddon. Un titlu care e paralel cu she'ol si care reprezinta un loc al ruinei si nimicirii. Cuvantul acesta apare numai de sase ori in Vechiul Testament (Iov 26:6; 28:22; 31:12; Psalm 88:11; Proverbe 15:11; 27:20; cf. Apocalipsa 9:11).



26:7 El intinde miazanoaptea asupra golului, si spanzura pamantul pe nimic.

Miazanoaptea. Iov se intoarce de la puterea lui Dumnezeu manifestata in moarte si nimicire la puterea Lui manifestata in creatiune. Cerurile de miazanoapte cuprindeau constelatiile mai insemnate mentionate in cartea lui Iov. In textul acesta, Iov recunoaste ca aceste corpuri ceresti sunt sustinute de puterea divina (vezi Iov 9:8; Psalm 104:2; Isaia 40:22; 44:24; Zaharia 12:1)

Cuvantul tradus "intinde" este deseori folosit cu privire la intinderea unui cort (Genesa 12:8; 26:25; 33:19; 35:21; Judecatori 4:11). Cerul e conceput ca fiind intins ca un cort, numai ca nu are stalpi de sustinere, ca un cort.

Golului. Ebr. tohu, cuvantul tradus "pustiu" ["fara forma", KJV] in Genesa 1:2. In loc sa vizualizeze pamantul ca sprijinindu-se pe stalpi, asa cum faceau unii din vechime, Iov se inchina unui Dumnezeu a carui putere o concepea ca sustine pamantul.



26:8 Leaga apele in norii Sai, si norii nu se sparg sub greutatea lor.

Leaga apele. Metafora este luata probabil de la burdufurile de apa, atat de binecunoscute in Orient, in special in Arabia, burdufuri in care era depozitata. Aceste burdufuri puteau sa se "sparga" datorita greutatii lichidului. Totusi, norii puteau sa duca mari cantitati de apa fara sa se intample astfel de incidente (vezi Iov 38:37; Proverbe 30:4).



26:9 Acopera fata scaunului Sau de domnie, si Isi intinde norul peste el.

Acopere. Adica El acopera tronul Lui cu nori. Semnificatia acestei afirmatii poate fi aceea ca Dumnezeu Se ascunde de simturile fizice ale omului. Dumnezeu gaseste de bine sa mentina legatura Lui cu omul la nivel spiritual si nu la nivelul simturilor. Desi s-ar putea ca norii sa ascunda tronul Lui ochii oamenilor vedere (vezi 1 Regi 8:12; Psalm 18:11; 97:2), tronul Lui exista si va fi candva vazut de cei rascumparati (Apocalipsa 22:1-4).

Traducerea "luna" in loc de "scaun de domnie" (vezi RSV) cere o schimbare in punctarii cuvantului ebraic kisseh pentru a-l face sa fie citit keseh. Punctarile vocalice a fost introduse doar in jurul secolul al VII-lea d.Hr, si prin urmare nu au fost folosite in documentele originale. Dar, de regula, ortografia traditionala este acceptata, afara de cazul ca contextul arata gramatical sau altcumva ca e nevoie de o schimbare. Aici contextul pare sa se opuna unei asemenea schimbari.



26:10 A tras o bolta pe fata apelor, ca hotar intre lumina si intuneric.

A tras o bolta. Propozitia intreaga zice literal: "hotararea unui cerc pe fata pamantului". Siriaca si Targumii zic: "El a tras un cerc pe fata apelor". Se pare ca se face referire la forma orizontului, care apare ca un cerc, trasat cu un compas.

Lumina si intuneric. [Zi si noapte, KJV]. Versul suna literal: "pana la capatul [hotarului dintre, KJV] lumina si intuneric", adica la orizont.

"Opri aprinse roti, si-n mana Sa

lua compasul auriu, gatit

Prin plan dumnezeiesc, spre-a circumscrie

Maretul univers si tot ce e creat;

In centru puse un picior si il

Roti pe celalalt prin vastitati,

Zicand ‚Pana aici sa te intinzi,

Acesta-ti fie cercul drept: O, lume!'"

-Milton, Paradise Lost, cartea a VII



26:11 Stalpii cerului se clatina, si se inspaimanta la amenintarea Lui.

Stalpii. Aceasta pare sa fie o silueta muntilor la orizont pe care se socotea ca se sprijina cerul.



26:12 Prin puterea Lui tulbura marea, prin priceperea Lui ii sfarama furia.

Turbura. [Imparte, KJV]. Ebr. raga', "a tulbura", precum si "a fi linistit". Raga' ilustreaza cum anumite cuvinte pot exprima idei opuse. Cand sunt folosite astfel de cuvinte, contextul trebuie sa hotarasca alegerea sensului. In cazul de fata fiecare sens da un inteles bun. Prin ambele definitii textul descopera domnia lui Dumnezeu asupra marii.

Furia. [Mandria, KJV]. Ebr. rahab (vezi la cap. 9:13).



26:13 Suflarea Lui insenineaza cerul, mana Lui strapunge sarpele fugar.

Suflarea. [duhul , KJV]. Ebr. ruach, care poate fi redat si "vant" ca in 90 de cazuri din Vechiul Testament. Contextul trebuie sa determine alegerea sensului . La o suflare de la Dumnezeu, adica printr-un vant, cerurile incarcate de nori si de furtuna, se insenineaza in cele din urma. Atat furtuna cat si linistea sunt aratate ca vin de la Dumnezeu.

Sarpele fugar. [Sarpele sucit, KJV]. Literal, "sarpele fugar". Se poate ca Iov sa fi avut in minte razboiul din cer, cand Satana, "sarpele cel vechi", a fost izgonit din cer (Apocalipsa 12:7-9; cf. Romani 16:20).



26:14 Si acestea sunt doar marginile cailor Sale, si numai adierea lor usoara ajunge pana la noi! Dar tunetul lucrarilor Lui puternice cine-l va auzi?

Marginile. [Parti, KJV]. Ebr. qesoth, "capete", "margini". Iov se straduieste sa descrie pe Dumnezeu ca marele Creator si Sustinator al universului. Metoda lui fusese aceea de a ilustra puterea lui Dumnezeu prin referiri la fenomenele naturale. Dar dupa ce a facut tot ce a putut mai bine, exclama: "Si acestea sunt doar marginile cailor Sale". Iov nu fusese in stare sa descrie decat marginile puterii lui Dumnezeu.

Adierea usoara. [O atat de mica parte, KJV]. Literal, "soapta unui cuvant". Ceea ce cunoastem despre Dumnezeu e doar o soapta slaba.

Tunetul. In contrast cu soapta, Iov compara adevarata putere a lui Dumnezeu cu tunetul. El vrea sa spuna ca a enumerat doar o mica parte din marile lucrari ale lui Dumnezeu. El n-ar fi putut alege un limbaj mai nobil pentru a exprima profundele sale simtaminte cu privire la felul in care slava divina depaseste cunostinta umana.

COMENTARIILE LUI ELLEN G. WHITE 6 �

Ed 132

7-14 �

Ed 131; 8T 282

10 �



AA 572; SL 53


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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here. Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.

Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.

1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.

2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.

3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.

4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).

5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.

6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.

7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.

8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.


How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones

It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.

A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).

The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version. Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain the software to be installed on your mobile phone.

I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing, to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.

There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor) files. These JAD files has to be uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).

There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid

Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of the software.


1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
 

If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is enough to access https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/  from the browser of the mobile phone, and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more). After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile phone.

Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.

2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.

If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared port of the computer (preferable laptop).

c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g. on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have larger fonts, full screen display etc.

3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check if exists).

4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:

a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next, you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the JAR desired file.

5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to download and run Java applications.


Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific models.

Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).

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