Printable ModeGeneza 10:10
|
10:10 El a domnit la inceput peste Babel, Erec, Acad si Calne, in tara Sinear. El a domnit la inceput. Aceasta poate sa insemne fie prima sa domnie, fie inceputul suveranitatii sale. In registrul natiunilor, Nimrod apare ca autor al imperialismului. Sub el, societatea a trecut de la forma patriarhala la forma monarhica. El este primul om mentionat in Biblie in calitate de conducator al unui regat. Babel. Primul regat al lui Nimrod a fost Babilonul. Cu ideea ca cetatea lor este reoglindirea pamanteasca a cerestilor locuinte ale zeilor lor, babilonienii i-au dat numele de Bab-ilu, ,,poarta lui Dumnezeu” (vezi comentariul pentru cap. 11,9). Legende babiloniene pun intemeierea cetatii o data cu crearea lumii. Fara indoiala ca, avand aceasta idee in minte, Sargon I, un vechi rege semit al Mesopotamiei, a luat din Babilon pamant sacru pentru intemeierea unei alte cetati dupa modelul Babilonului. Chiar in perioada de mai tarziu a suprematiei asiriene, Babilonul nu si-a pierdut insemnatatea de centru al culturii din Mesopotamia. Totusi, cea mai mare faima si glorie a sa a atins-o pe timpul lui Nebucadnetar, care a facut din el cea dintai metropola a lumii. De la distrugerea lui de catre regele persan Xerxes, Babilonul zace in ruine (Isaia 13,19). Erec. Babilonianul Uruk, modernul Warka. Sapaturile recente au dovedit ca este una dintre cele mai vechi cetati existente. Cele mai vechi documente scrise descoperite vreodata au fost gasite acolo. Uruk a fost cunoscut babilonienilor ca vecinatatea unde au avut loc cele mai mari fapte ale lui Ghilgames, un fapt care se pare ca sprijina sugestia ca legendele lui Ghilgames au fost reminiscente ale vechilor fapte ale lui Nimrod. Acad. In vechime, a fost resedinta regilor Sargon I si Naram-Sin. Ruinele acestei cetati inca nu au fost descoperite, insa ele trebuie sa fie prin apropiere de Babilon. Vechea populatie semita din Mesopotamia inferioara a ajuns sa fie numita acadiana, iar limbile babiloniana si asiriana se refera acum la ea, in mod colectiv, prin acelasi termen. Calne. Desi Calne nu a fost inca identificat cu certitudine, probabil ca el a fost acelasi cu Nippur, actualul Niffer. Aproape optzeci la suta din toate textele sumeriene cunoscute au fost gasite in aceasta asezare. Ea a fost numita de sumerieni Enlil-ki, ,,cetatea lui (zeului) Enlil.” Babilonienii au inversat ordinea celor doua componente ale acestui nume si fac referire la cetate in cele mai vechi inscriptii ale lor ca Ki-enlil, mai tarziu Ki-Illina. Aceasta poate ca a dat nastere la ebraicul ,,Calne”. Dupa Babilon, Nippur a fost cea mai sfanta cetate din Mesopotamia inferioara si se lauda cu temple importante. Din cele mai vechi timpuri pana la ultima perioada persana, cetatea a constituit un centru de cultura si de comert intens. Sinear. Cetatile de mai sus erau asezate in tara Sinear, termen folosit in mod generic in Vechiul Testament pentru Babilonia, cuprinzand Sumer in sud si Acad in nord (vezi Geneza 11,2; 14,1.9; Iosua 7,21; ebr. ,,o manta de Sinear”; Isaia 11,11; Zaharia 5,11; Daniel 1,2). Numele este inca tot ceva neclar. Pe vremuri s-a crezut ca a derivat din cuvantul sumer, vechea Sumeria, care este asezata in partea cea mai sudica a Mesopotamiei. Totusi, este mult mai probabil ca deriva din Sanhar din anumite texte cuneiforme, o tara a carei asezare nu a fost inca precizata. Unele texte par sa indice ca Sanhar a fost mai degraba in Mesopotamia de nord decat in cea de sud. Desi este sigur ca Sinear este Babilonia, originea termenului este inca neclara. |
Seek to any passage:
Search the text:
Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
Select another version: