Printable ModeDaniel 2:39
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2:39 Dupa tine, se va ridica o alta imparatie, mai neinsemnata decat a ta; apoi o a treia imparatie, care va fi de arama, si care va stapani peste tot pamantul. O alta imparatie mai neinsemnata. Dupa cum argintul este mai neinsemnat decat aurul, si imperiul Medo-Persan a fost mai neinsemnat decat imperiul Neo-Babilonian. Unii comentatori au explicat termenul ,,mai neinsemnat” ca insemnand ,,mai jos in chip”, sau ,,dedesubt”. Expresia inseamna corect ,,in jos” sau ,,spre pamant”, dar in versetul acesta Daniel vorbeste nu de pozitia relativa a metalelor, ci a natiunilor. Facand o comparatie intre cele doua imparatii, observam ca desi ultima a cuprins mai mult teritoriu, a fost desigur inferioara in lux si maretie. Cuceritorii Mezi si Persi au adoptat cultura civilizatiei complexe babiloniene, deoarece a lor proprie era mai putin dezvoltata. Aceasta a doua imparatie a profetiei lui Daniel este uneori numita imparatia Medo-Persana. Ea includea imparatia Mezilor mai veche si achizitiile mai noi ale cuceritorului persan Cir. A doua imparatie nu poate fi numai imparatia Mezilor, cum sustin unii, Persia fiind a treia. Imparatia mezilor a fost contemporana cu cea Neo-Babiloniana, nu succesoarea ei. Media a cazut sub stapanirea lui Cir persanul inainte de a fi cazut Babilonul. Faptul ca dupa moartea lui Belsatar, Darius Medul ,,ajunsese imparat peste imparatia haldeilor” (cap. 9,1) nu inseamna ca a fost o imparatie separata a mezilor dupa cea babiloniana si inainte ca persii sa se ridice (vezi Vol. III, P. 48-56; 94-96). Darius Medul a domnit in Babilonia prin permisiunea adevaratului cuceritor, Cir (vezi Nota Aditionala la cap. 6), asa cum in mod evident stia si Daniel. Cartea lui Daniel se refera de repetate ori la natiunea care a cucerit Babilonul, si pe care Darius o reprezenta, ca fiind aceea a Mezilor si a Persilor (vezi comentariul la cap. 5,28; 6,8.28), si descrie in alta parte aceasta imparatie dualista ca fiind o singura fiara (vezi comentariul la cap. 8,3-4). Originea mezilor si a persilor nu este clara, dar se crede ca in jurul lui 2000 i.Hr., o serie de triburi ariene conduse de madai (mezi) au inceput sa migreze din ceea ce este acum Rusia de sud in ceea ce mai tarziu a devenit Persia de nord, unde apar pentru prima data in istorie (vezi comentariul la Geneza 10,2; vezi Vol. III, p. 50-51). Printre arienii acestia au fost si persii care s-au colonizat in muntii Zagros invecinandu-se cu Elamul tarziu in secolul al IX-lea i.Hr. Probabil pe la 675 conducatorul lor s-a asezat ca domn al cetatii Ansan. Aici el si descendentii lui au domnit in relativa obscuritate. La inceputul secolului al VI-lea erau vasali ai imparatului mezilor domnind peste un stat de granita, relativ neinsemnat in marele imperiu al mezilor, care se intindea din Asia Mica rasariteana in jurul nordului si estului Imperiului Babilonian (vezi Imperiile Rivale in Timpul lui Ieremia; vezi Vol. III, p. 50-51). La 553 sau 550 i.Hr., Cir, care devenise rege al Persiei ca un vasal al Imperiului Mezilor, l-a invins pe Astiages al Mediei. Astfel persii subordonati anterior au devenit puterea dominanta in ceea ce fusese Imperiul Mezilor. Intrucat persii au devenit puterea conducatoare incepand de pe vremea lui Cir, acum se vorbeste in general ca despre Imperiul Persan. Insa si prestigiul mai vechi al Mediei s-a reflectat in expresia ,,Mezii si Persii” aplicata la cuceritorii Babilonului pe vremea lui Daniel si chiar mai tarziu (Estera 1,19). Pozitia de onoare a lui Darius Medul dupa cucerirea Babilonului dovedeste respectul lui Cir fata de mezi chiar si dupa ce el preluase sceptrul puterii (vezi Vol. III, p. 51-52.95.96.). Cu ani in urma, sub calauzire profetica, profetul Isaia descrisese lucrarea lui Cir (Isaia 45,1). Cuceritorul acesta al Mediei a infrant curand triburile invecinate si a stapanit de la Ararat in nord pana in Babilonia de sud si pana la Golful Persic. Pentru a-si rotunji imperiul, el l-a batut pe bogatul Croesus al Lidiei in 547 i.Hr., si a luat Babilonul prin strategie in 539 i.Hr., (vezi Vol. III, p. 51-55). Cir a recunoscut ca Domnul ii daduse toate aceste imparatii (2Cronici 36,23; Ezra 1,2). Pentru profetii paralele privitoare la acest imperiu, vezi comentariul la cap. 7,5; 8,3-7; 11,2. A treia imparatie. Urmasul Imperiului Medo-Persan a fost Imperiul ,,Grec” (mai bine zis Macedonean sau Elenistic) al lui Alexandru si al succesorilor lui (vezi cap. 8,20.21). Cuvantul ebraic pentru Grecia este Iavan, care este numele unuia dintre fiii lui Iafet. Iavan este mentionat in genealogie imediat dupa Madai, parintele Mezilor (vezi comentariul la Geneza 10,2). Cam pe vremea cand israelitii se colonizau in Canaan, acele triburi indo-europene numite mai tarziu greci migrau in valuri succesive in tinutul egeic (Grecia de pe continent, insulele si coastele apusene ale Asiei Mici), biruindu-i sau alungandu-i pe locuitorii mediteraneeni mai vechi. Aceste deplasari erau legate de miscarea popoarelor marii (inclusiv filistenii) pe coastele rasaritene ale Mediteranei (vezi Vol. II, p. 27, 33, 34). Grecii ionieni se gaseau in Egipt pe vremea lui Psamtik I (663-609 i.Hr.), si in Babilonia pe vremea domniei lui Nebucadnetar (605-562 i.Hr.), dupa cum se atesta de rapoarte scrise. Grecia era divizata in mici cetati-state avand o limba comuna, dar cu actiune putin unificata. Cand ne gandim la Grecia antica ne gandim la epoca de aur a civilizatiei grecesti, sub conducerea Atenei, in secolul al V-lea i.Hr. Aceasta inflorire a culturii grecesti a urmat dupa perioada celui mai mare efort unit la cetatilor-state divizate – apararea cu succes a Greciei impotriva Persiei pe vremea imparatesei Estera. Cu privire la razboaiele persane vezi comentariul la cap. 11,2; vezi si Vol. III, p. 59-62. ,,Grecia” din cap. 8,21 nu se refera la cetatile-state divizate ale Greciei clasice, ci mai de graba la imparatia macedoneana de mai tarziu care a biruit Persia. Macedonenii, o natiune inrudita de la nordul Greciei propriu-zise, a biruit cetatile grecesti si le-a incorporat pentru prima data intr-un stat puternic, unit. Alexandru cel Mare mostenind regatul greco-macedonean de curand dezvoltat de tatal sau, a pornit la extinderea dominatiei macedonene si a culturii grecesti spre rasarit, si a cucerit Imperiul Persan. Profetia reprezinta imparatia grecilor venind dupa persi, deoarece Grecia n-a devenit o imparatie decat o data cu formarea Imperiului Macedonean, care a inlocuit Persia ca putere mondiala conducatoare a acelor timpuri (pentru profetii paralele vezi comentariul la cap.7,6; 8,5-8.21.22; 11,2-4). Ultimul imparat al Imperiului Persan a fost Darius III (Codomanul) care a fost infrant de Alexandru in bataliile de la Granicus (334 i.Hr.), Issus (333 i.Hr.), si Arbela sau Gaugamela (331 i.Hr.). Pentru comentarii despre perioada lui Alexandru si a regatelor elenistice vezi comentariul la cap. 7,6; vezi si articolul istoric cu privire la perioada inter-testamentara din Vol. V. Arama. Adica, bronz (vezi comentariul la 2Samuel 8,8). Ostasii greci erau vestiti pentru armura lor de bronz. Coifurile, scuturile si topoarele lor de lupta erau facute din bronz. Herodot ne spune ca Psamtik I al Egiptului a vazut in piratii greci invadatori implinirea unui oracol care prezisese despre ,,oameni de bronz venind de pe mare” (Herodot, IV, 152, 154). Va stapani pamantul. Istoria ne raporteaza ca stapanirea lui Alexandru s-a intins peste Macedonia, Grecia si Imperiul Persan, incluzand Egiptul si extinzandu-se spre rasarit pana in India. A fost cel mai extins imperiu al lumii antice de pana atunci. Stapanirea lui era ,,peste tot pamantul” in sensul ca nici o putere de pe pamant nu a fost egala cu el, nu ca ar fi acoperit intreg pamantul sau macar intreaga lume cunoscuta pe atunci. O ,,putere mondiala” poate fi definita ca aceea care sta mai presus de toate celelalte, invincibila, nu neaparat guvernand de fapt peste toata lumea cunoscuta. Vechii domnitori foloseau in mod obisnuit afirmatii superlative. Cir se numea ,,imparat al lumii, ... imparat al celor patru margini (colturi ale lumii)”. Xerxe se intitula: ,,Marele imparat, imparatul imparatilor, ... imparatul acestui mare si intins pamant.” |
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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here.
Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.
Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.
1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.
2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.
3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.
4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).
5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.
6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.
7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.
8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.
How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones
It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read
it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)
technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.
A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and
progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).
The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one
table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version.
Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain
the software to be installed on your mobile phone.
I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with
INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing,
to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes
volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.
There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor)
files. These JAD files has to be
uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).
There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as
follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid
Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of
the software.
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is
enough to access
https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/ from the browser of the mobile phone,
and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about
MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more).
After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile
phone.
Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you
shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile
phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared
port of the computer (preferable laptop).
c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile
phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile
phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the
application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g.
on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the
file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have
larger fonts, full screen display etc.
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate
Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check
if exists).
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific
mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from
the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have
to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next,
you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the
JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your
mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in
the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the
JAR desired file.
5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having
infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change
your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to
download and run Java applications.
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile
phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific
models.
Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the
Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).
Multilingual Online Ebooks
It is possible now to have the inspirational ebooks on your browser and to read it allowing you to make comparisons between different translations or versions for a specific language. This occasion is unique, and you have only to browse to the desired author and book.
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