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Electronic Books / Adventist / Romanian_non-diacritics / Comentarii Biblice / Web / Psalmi

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Psalmi, 60


60:1 Dumnezeule, ne-ai lepadat, ne-ai imprastiat, si Te-ai maniat: ridica-ne iarasi!

INTRODUCERE. - Potrivit preambulului, Psalmul 60 a fost scris de David in timpul razboaielor cu edomitii. Psalmul descrie umilirea israelitilor dupa o infrangere mai mare (v. 1-3), face apel la Dumnezeu pentru a implini fagaduintele Sale de biruinta (v. 4-8) si exprima incredere in biruinta finala asupra vrajmasilor lui Israel (v. 9-12). Psalmul are un stil foarte rapid, foloseste metafore vii si abunda in exprimari ale sperantei.

Cu privire la preambul, care este neobisnuit de amanuntita, vezi p. 616, 628.

1. Tu [in KJV, in romaneste subinteles]. Repetarea de opt ori a pronumelui acestuia la inceputul propozitiilor succesive din v. 1-4 [in KJV] (o figura de stil retorica, numita anafora) face exprimarea pasajului [in engl.] impresionant de puternica din punct de vedere retoric.

Ne-ai lepadat. Compara cu Psalm 43,2; 44,9-11.

Imprastiat. Sau "zdrobit". Cuvantul ebraic tradus in felul acesta sugereaza fie infrangerea unei ostiri ale carui randuri au fost zdrobite, fie sfaramarea unui zid cu ajutorul uneltelor de asalt (vezi Judecatori 21,15; 2 Samuel 5,20; 6,8).

Te-ai maniat. Psalmistul considera infrangerea ca o dovada a maniei lui Dumnezeu. Ridica-ne iarasi. [Intoarce-Te la noi, KJV]. Sau "intoarce-ne".



60:2 Ai cutremurat pamantul, l-ai despicat; drege-i sparturile, caci se clatina!

Ai cutremurat pamantul. Metafora unui cutremur e folosita pentru a zugravi panica aceea care cuprinde o tara cand e infranta. Sparturile. Psalmistul se roaga ca Dumnezeu sa umple sparturile sau crapaturile pricinuite de cutremur, adica sa repare devastarile facute de inamic.



60:3 Ai facut pe poporul Tau sa treaca prin lucruri grele, ne-ai adapat cu un vin de amortire.

Lucruri grele. Sau "lucruri severe", adica dezamagiri, infrangeri, incercari.

Vin de amortire. Literal, "vin de ameteala". Ca sa zicem asa, natiunea fusese facuta sa bea un vin imbatator care o ametise, ajungand asemenea unui om beat (vezi Psalm 75,8; Isaia 51,17, 22; Ieremia 25,15-17).



60:4 Ai dat celor ce se tem de Tine un steag, ca sa-l inalte spre biruinta adevarului.

Un steag. Ebr., nes, "un stindard", "o insigna", "un semnal", "un semn". In ciuda umilirii natiunii, psalmistul vede speranta in chemarea lui Israel de a se aduna sub steagul lui Dumnezeu. Adevarului. Poporul lui Dumnezeu este chemat sa sustina principiile adevarului si dreptatii, pentru ca lumea sa poata fi atrasa de religia lui Hristos.

Oprire. [Selah, KJV]. Vezi p.629.



60:5 Pentru ca preaiubitii Tai sa fie izbaviti, scapa-ne prin dreapta Ta, si asculta-ne!

Prea iubiti. Psalmistul pare sa vorbeasca despre natiunea Israel (vezi Deuteronom 33,12).

Dreapta Ta. Vezi Psalm 17,7; 44,3.

Asculta-ne. [Asculta-ma, KJV]. Textul propriu-zis ebraic zice: "raspunde-ne", pe care vechii invatati iudei l-au transformat in nota "raspunde-mi" sau "asculta-ma". Schimbarea aceasta are sprijinul multor versiuni vechi. Totusi nu pare sa existe motiv temeinic pentru departarea de la varianta textului ebraic.

Versetele 5-12 par sa fie Psalm 108, 6-13 cu mici modificari (vezi comentariile acolo).



60:6 Dumnezeu a zis in sfintenia Lui: Voi iesi biruitor, voi imparti Sihemul, si voi masura valea Sucot.

Dumnezeu a zis. Dumnezeu fagaduise lui Israel tara Canaan (vezi Genesa 12,7; 13,15; 17,8; Psalm 105,8-11). Cererea lui David este ca Dumnezeu sa implineasca toate punctele fagaduintei. In sfintenia Lui. Sfintenia lui Dumnezeu este adesea mentionata de scriitori biblici in legatura cu observatia ca se poate avea incredere in fagaduintele Lui (vezi Psalm 89,35; Amos 4,2). Voi imparti. Vezi Iosua 1,6; 136,7; 14,5; etc.

Sihemul. Numele acestei cetati este folosit aici pentru a desemna intreaga regiune de la rasarit de Iordan (printr-o figura de stil, o cetate principala reprezinta un intreg teritoriu). Sichemul a fost al doilea punct de oprire al lui Iacov cand s-a inapoiat din Mesopotamia (Genesa 33,18). Mai tarziu a devenit o cetate importanta, daca nu chiar cetatea principala a lui Efraim (vezi 1 Regi. 12,1). Mentionarea Sichemului in acest important catalog e plina de insemnatate. In apropiere de Sihem a fost citita legea, cand Israel a luat in stapanire Tara fagaduita (vezi Deuteronom 27,28; Iosua 8,33-35; vezi la Genesa 12,6).

Sucot. Un loc la rasarit de Iordan, unde Iacov si-a asezat tabara la intoarcerea din Mesopotamia (Genesa 33,16-17).



60:7 Al Meu este Galaadul, al Meu este Manase; Efraim este taria capului Meu, iar Iuda, toiagul Meu de carmuire:

Galaadul. Un tinut la rasarit de Iordan, acordat lui Gad si lui Manase (vezi Numeri 32,39.40;

Iosua 17,1; vezi la Psalm 22,12).

Efraim. Efraim si Iuda erau semintiile principale la apus de Iordan.

Tara capului Meu. Sau "intaritura capului meu", privit de unii cercetatori ca insemnand in mod

figurat un coif (vezi RSV). Efraim e descris ca fiind apararea principala a intregii tari. Dupa impartirea regatului, Efraim a fost semintia cea mai de seama a regatului de nord (vezi Deuteronom 33,17).

Iuda. Una din semintiile principale cat priveste pozitia, numarul si fagaduinta profetica (vezi Genesa 49, 8-12).

Toiagul de carmuire. De la ebr. chaqaq, "a decreta". Forma folosita aici inseamna "un legiuitor", prin urmare "un comandant [de trupe pe campul de lupte]", sau "sceptrul unui comandant [un simbol al autoritatii]". Lui Iuda i s-a incredintat carmuirea lui Israel (vezi 1 Samuel 16,1; 2 Samuel 2,4; 5,1-3; Psalm 78,68).



60:8 Moab este ligheanul in care Ma spal: peste Edom Imi arunc incaltamintea: tara Filistenilor striga de bucurie din pricina Mea!

Moab. Un tinut care se intindea la est de la marea Moarta pana la desert, la nord pana la raul Amon si la sud pana la Edom. Moab planuise sa nimiceasca pe Israel la data intrarii lui Israel in Canaan (vezi Numeri 22). Balaam a profetizat subjugarea lui Moab (vezi Numeri 24,17). David a implinit profetia (vezi 2 Samuel 8,2).

Ligheanul. O metafora care exprima un foarte mare dispret, asemuind Moabul cu un lighean in care cuceritorul isi spala picioarele.

Imi arunc incaltamintea. Comentatorii au sugerat urmatoarele sensuri pentru aceasta figura de stil cam obscura: (1) Edomul este un rob caruia stapanul ii arunca incaltamintea pentru a fi curatita sau pentru a avea grija de ea in vreun alt fel. (2) Edomul este un tinut luat in stapanire prin actul simbolic al scoaterii incaltamintei si aruncarii ei pe un camp (vezi la Rut. 4,7-8).

Tara filistenilor. [Filistia, KJV]. Filistenii erau dusmanii traditionali ai israelitilor. Teritoriile lor se intinde de-a lungul coastelor mediteraneene la vest de Iuda.

Striga de bucurie din pricina Mea. Sau "striga in triumf pentru mine" - o expresie evident ironica. In Psalm 108,9, unde versetul acesta pare sa se repete cu usoare modificari, expresia suna: "strig de bucurie asupra tarii Filistenilor". Unii modifica textul din Psalm 60,8 pentru a-l face sa fie in acord cu textul din Psalm 108,9 (vezi RSV). Ambele exprimari pot fi incadrate in context. Ca si alti dusmani ai lui Israel, Filistia nu trebuie sa triumfe, ci sa se triumfe asupra ei.



60:9 Cine ma va duce in cetatea intarita? Cine ma va duce la Edom?

Cetatea intarita. Foarte probabil o referire la Sela, capitala Edomului, probabil cetatea numita mai tarziu Petra, la care se poate ajunge printr-o trecatoare ingusta ai carei pereti stancosi sunt aproape verticali. Cetatea era sapata in stanca si practic inaccesibila pentru navalitori (vezi Obadia 1,3). David exprima nerabdarea de a captura aceasta fortareata.

Ma va duce la Edom? Versetul acesta e de fapt un strigat de razboi. Victoria sperata a fost realizata de Ioab si Abisai in timpul domniei lui David (vezi la 2 Samuel 8,12.13; vezi si la 1 Regi 11,15).



60:10 Oare nu Tu, Dumnezeule, care ne-ai lepadat, si nu mai iesi, Dumnezeule, cu ostirile noastre?

M-ai lepadat. [Ne lepezi, KJV]. Compara cu Psalm 43,2; 44,9-11.



60:11 Da-ne ajutor, ca sa scapam din necaz! Caci ajutorul omului este zadarnic.

Da-ne ajutor. Psalmistul recunoaste ca Dumnezeu este adevaratul lui izvor de ajutor.



60:12 Cu Dumnezeu vom face ispravi mari, si El va zdrobi pe vrajmasii nostri.

Vom face ispravi mari. Literal "vom dobandi tarie" (vezi Psalm 118,16). Cuvantul ebraic pentru "tarie" (chayil) contine ideea de putere sau de capacitate de a indeplini. Chayil este folosit pentru a descrie cinstea si eficienta unei femei (vezi Rut 3,11; vezi la Proverbe 31,10), totodata valoarea unui razboinic viteaz (Iosua 1,14; 1 Cronici 5,24).

Vrajmasii nostri. Desi inceput cu o umilire, psalmul se incheie intr-o nota de speranta si incredere (vezi Psalm 44,5). Lui David i s-a ingaduit sa vada raspunsul la rugaciunea sa. Inainte de sfarsitul domniei lui, Israel isi intinsese foarte mult hotarele. Fagaduintele date lui Avraam incepeau sa se implineasca (vezi Genesa 15,18; vezi la 1 Regi 4,21).

COMENTARIILE LUI ELLEN G. WHITE 12�

5T 487


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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here. Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.

Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.

1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.

2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.

3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.

4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).

5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.

6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.

7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.

8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.


How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones

It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.

A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).

The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version. Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain the software to be installed on your mobile phone.

I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing, to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.

There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor) files. These JAD files has to be uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).

There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid

Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of the software.


1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
 

If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is enough to access https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/  from the browser of the mobile phone, and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more). After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile phone.

Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.

2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.

If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared port of the computer (preferable laptop).

c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g. on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have larger fonts, full screen display etc.

3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check if exists).

4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:

a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next, you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the JAR desired file.

5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to download and run Java applications.


Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific models.

Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).

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