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Electronic Books / Adventist / Romanian_non-diacritics / Comentarii Biblice / Web / Galateni

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Galateni 3:19


3:19 Atunci pentru ce este Legea? Ea a fost adaugata din pricina calcarilor de lege, pana cand avea sa vina Samanta, careia ii fusese facuta fagaduinta; si a fost data prin ingeri, prin mana unui mijlocitor.

Atunci pentru ce? Pasajul acesta si intregul fir al rationamentului lui Pavel de aici inainte pana la vers. 25 a fost uneori gresit interpretate ca insemnand ca toate codurile de legi revelate de Dumnezeu in Vechiul Testament s-au sfarsite la Golgota. Potrivit cu o asemenea interpretare in era pre-crestina oamenii erau mantuiti prin tinerea legii si in era crestina prin har prin credinta. O astfel de vedere este contrara invataturii intregii Scripturi. Dumnezeu a avut numai un singur mijloc de mantuire a omului, incepand de la Adam; adica, prin credinta in jertfa Domnului. Vestea cea buna a acelei mantuiri a fost proclamata omului in toate timpurile (vezi Evr 4:2). Pavel a raspuns in alta parte concluziei gresite pe care cineva ar fi putut s-o traga din scrierile lui, ca harul si Evanghelia ar fi desfiintat Legea: ,,Deci, prin credinta, desfiintam noi Legea? Nicidecum!” (Rom 3:31).

Este evident ca Pavel in Gal 3:19-25 nu invata doctrina erei precrestine a mantuirii prin lege contra unei erei crestine a mantuirii prin har. Ceea ce el invata cu adevarat devine evident cand sunt retinute clar doua puncte. Mai intai, pentru toti iudeii si pentru cei instruiti cu privire la punctul de vedere iudaic, asa cum erau galatenii de catre invatatorii iudaizanti, inceputurile si samburele intregii religii revelate a lui Dumnezeu pentru poporul Sau ales erau seria de evenimente de la Sinai. La Sinai l-a chemat Dumnezeu cat se poate de literal ca fiind al Sau si l-a facut un popor al Sai deosebit, poporul Sau sfant. Semnul distinctiv al acelei experiente initiale la Sinai era enuntarea catre Israel a marelui cod moral care trebuia sa fie totdeauna norma vietii lor plus (a) statute civile care erau o interpretare si aplicare a codului moral la statul iudeu si (b) anumite statute care trebuiau sa guverneze ritualul simbolic al sacrificiilor si darurilor care aratau inainte catre marele sacrificiu al lui Hristos. Domnul spusese israelitilor la Sinai ca daca ei aveau sa fie ascultatori de toate legile Lui, vor manca din bunurile tarii si vor fi pururi poporul Sau. Ei socotisera in mod gresit ca erau in stare ca prin ei insisi sa prezinte o astfel ascultare, si ca deci nadejdea lor de a fi acceptati de Dumnezeu si de primire a unei mosteniri se afla in propriile lor eforturi de a tine aceste legi.

Al doilea punct care trebuie retinut, daca urmeaza sa intelegem bine vers. 19-25; e acesta: Pavel tocmai declarase galatenilor ca cu mult inainte de Sinai, Avraam primise mostenirea numai crezand fagaduinta lui Dumnezeu, si el adaugase emfatic, pentru a ilustra din nou premiza principala a epistolei sale, ca mantuirea e numai prin credinta, ca nimic din ce se petrecuse la ,,patru sute treizeci de ani” dupa Avraam nu putea sa schimbe conditiile prin care fusese asigurat cu privire la mostenire. Rationamentul lui Pavel e rezumat in cuvintele: ,,Caci daca mostenirea ar veni din Lege, nu mai vine din fagaduinta” (vers. 18).

Dar, pentru toti cei cramponati de punctul de vedere iudaic, rationamentul lui ar parea ca face fara rost si fara inteles grandioasa drama de la Sinai – marile coduri ale legii, si declaratia lui Dumnezeu ca daca vor asculta de aceste legi vor manca din roadele bune ale tarii. Cu alte cuvinte, cititorii lui Pavel ar intreba imediat: ,,Atunci la ce mai serveste legea?” [,,Atunci pentru ce mai este lege?”]

Adaugati. Gr. prostithemi, literal, ,,a pune alaturi,” ,,a adauga,” ,,a anexa.” Pentru ce a fost legea ,,adaugata” daca legamantul avraamic era corespunzator pentru mantuire? Raspunsul este: ,,Din pricina calcarilor de lege.” Diferenta dintre timpurile dinainte de Sinai si cele de dupa el nu era

o diferenta in ce priveste existenta marilor legi de la Dumnezeu, ci in ce priveste revelatia explicita a lor – la Sinai a fost prezentarea corecta a legii morale in doua table de piatra si a celorlalte legi in ,,cartea Legii.” Dar in secolele dinainte de Sinai patriarhii lui Dumnezeu posedau, intr-o masura remarcabila, legea morala scrisa in inimile lor, si erau astfel constienti de inaltele standarde morale ale lui Dumnezeu (vezi Gen 17:9; 18:19; 26:5). Ei de asemenea posedau, in embrion legile ceremoniale. In decursul indelungatei si intunecatei lor robii din Egipt, unde au locuit in mijlocul celui mai negru paganism, si celei mai depravate imoralitati, ei aproape pierdusera intelegerea sau constienta standardelor morale ale lui Dumnezeu, si chiar si acelor mai rudimentare idei despre sistemul jertfelor. Si cand oamenii ajung la o astfel de stare, ei sunt insensibili fata de pacat, deoarece prin”lege” avem cunostinta de pacat. Asa cum declara Pavel in alta parte: ,,Pacatul nu lam cunoscut decat prin Lege” (Rom 7:7).

Cand Dumnezeu a scos pe Israel din intunericul si intinaciunea Egiptului, primul Lui contact cu ei a fost in termenii prezentarii legilor morale, care sunt standardul carmuirii Sale, si ale randuirilor ceremoniale intentionate a procura lui Israel un model de serviciu ritual care ar fi facut cat se poate de clar pentru ei semnificatia jertfei Domnului nostru Cel fagaduit. Legea ,,a fost adaugata din pricina calcarilor de lege” (Gal 3:19), ,,pentru ca pacatul sa se arate afara din cale de pacatos, prin … porunca” (Rom 7:13). Numai prin aducerea legii morale a lui Dumnezeu in centrul atentiei israelitii obisnuiti deja cu modul de gandire pagan al egiptenilor, puteau sa fie facuti constienti ca erau pacatosi, si astfel ca aveau nevoie de mantuire. Si pentru ca legile ceremoniale erau prezentate in detalii clare israelitii au fost facuti in stare sa vada calea pe care o gasise Dumnezeu pentru a-i mantui de pacatele lor. Comparati cu Efes. 2:15.

Pana cand avea sa vina samanta. Sau ,,cu privire la care a fost facuta fagaduinta.”

Data prin ingeri. [,,Oranduita prin ingeri,” KJV, G. Galaction]. Raportul exodului tace cu privire la prezenta ingerilor la Sinai. In acord cu Deu 33:2, au fost ,,zeci de mii de sfinti [literal, ,,cei sfinti”]” prezenti la darea Legii. In LXX ultima propozitie a acestui verset zice: ,,La dreapta lui [erau] ingerii [Sai] cu el” (cf. Psa 68:17). Stefan (Fapte 7:53) si Pavel (Evr 2:2) ambii vorbesc despre ingeri ca participand la darea codului mozaic (cf. PP 364).

Mijlocitor. [,,Mediator,” KJV]. Sau, ,,arbitru,” ,,mijlocitor,” cineva care intervine intre doua parti pentru a impaca vederi sau interese divergente, sau care le aduce laolalta intr-o intelegere comuna. In vers. 20 Pavel clarifica scopul sau in mentionarea felului mediator, sau indirect, in care a fost data legea ceremoniala. Fiind data printr-un mijlocitor, Moise (vezi Exo 20:19; 21:1), legile ceremoniale si civile veneau de la Dumnezeu indirect. Legamantul si fagaduintele lui, insa au fost date lui Avraam direct, fara asistenta unui mijlocitor omenesc.


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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here. Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.

Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.

1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.

2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.

3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.

4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).

5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.

6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.

7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.

8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.


How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones

It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.

A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).

The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version. Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain the software to be installed on your mobile phone.

I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing, to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.

There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor) files. These JAD files has to be uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).

There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid

Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of the software.


1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
 

If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is enough to access https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/  from the browser of the mobile phone, and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more). After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile phone.

Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.

2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.

If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared port of the computer (preferable laptop).

c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g. on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have larger fonts, full screen display etc.

3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check if exists).

4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:

a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next, you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the JAR desired file.

5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to download and run Java applications.


Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific models.

Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).

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Source: Text from read this link, compiled by biblephone2008@gmail.com





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