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1 Cronici, 20


20:1 În anul următor, pe vremea când porneau împăraţii la război, Ioab a pornit, în fruntea unei puternice oştiri, să pustiască ţara fiilor lui Amon şi să împresoare Raba. Dar David a rămas la Ierusalim. Ioab a bătut Raba şi a nimicit-o.

În anul următor. Capitolul 20 se ocupă de încheierea campaniei împotriva amoniţilor (v. 1-3) şi de faptele eroice ale unor israeliţi curajoşi contra unor uriaşi filisteni (v. 4-8). În ce priveşte raportul paralel, vezi la 2 Samuel 11,1;12,26.31; 21,18-22.

Anul următor. Literal "la timpul reîntoarcerii anului." Aceasta era perioada din an când oştirile porneau de regulă la luptă. Sezonul ploios de iarnă nu era potrivit pentru operaţiuni militare. Dar primăvara ploile încetau şi recoltele se coceau, procurând hrană oştirilor invadatoare. Rapoartele asiriene arată că era o practică obişnuită ca oştirile să pornească în campaniile lor în luna Nisan. Nisan era luna întâi a anului asirian şi babilonian, luna întâi a anului religios ebraic (vezi la Exod 12,2; Deuteronom 16,1 [numită Abib]; Estera 3,7) şi probabil luna întâi a anului civil pentru poporul Israel din nord după separare. Iuda îşi începea anul civil cu Tişri (luna a 7-a), toamna. Cu privire la cele două începuturi de an, vezi vol. II, p. 109-111, 116).

A rămas în Ierusalim. În Samuel, raportul continuă din punctul acesta cu relatarea adulterului lui David cu Batşeba, soţia lui Urie, hetitul (2 Samuel 11,2-27).

Ioab a bătut Raba. La momentul culminant al asediului, Ioab l-a chemat pe David să vină şi să efectueze actul final al capturării cetăţii (vezi la 2 Samuel 12,27-29).



20:2 David a luat cununa de pe capul împăratului ei, şi a găsit-o în greutate de un talant de aur: era împodobită cu pietre scumpe. Au pus-o pe capul lui David, care a luat o mare pradă din cetate.

Un talant de aur. Un talant are cam 30 kg. E greu să ne închipuim ca cineva putea să poarte

o coroană atât de grea. Dacă în acea ocazie coroana, şi nu aşa cum gândesc unii o piatră preţioasă, era "purtată", probabil că existau mijloace de susţinere care să ajute la purtarea unei astfel de greutăţi neobişnuite (vezi la 2 Samuel 12,30).



20:3 A scos afară pe locuitori, şi i-a tăiat în bucăţi cu ferestraie, cu securi, şi cu topoare; tot aşa a făcut tuturor cetăţilor fiilor lui Amon. David s-a întors la Ierusalim cu tot poporul.

I-a tăiat cu fierăstraie. Expresia aceasta se deosebeşte numai printr-o literă în ebraica consonantică de expresia din Samuel care zice "i-a pus sub fierăstraie", adică David a supus pe amoniţi la muncă forţată cu uneltele acestea (vezi la 2 Samuel 12,31). [Trd. G. Galaction spune: "l-a pus la corvezi cu fierăstrăul şi cu grapa de fier şi cu securea şi să lucreze la cuptoarele de cărămidă."]



20:4 După aceea, a avut loc o bătălie la Ghezer cu Filistenii. Atunci Sibecai, Huşatitul, a ucis pe Sipai, unul din copiii lui Rafa. Şi Filistenii au fost smeriţi.

Ghezer. Vezi la 1 Cronici 14,16.

Sibecai. Vezi la 2 Samuel 21,18 care plasează bătălia aceasta cu filistenii la Gob, evident un loc neidentificat aproape de Ghezer. Sibecai era unul dintre vitejii comandanţi ai oştirii lui David. (1 Cronici 11,29; 27,11).

Sipai. Sau "Saf" (2 Samuel 21,18).



20:5 A mai fost o bătălie cu Filistenii. Şi Elhanan, fiul lui Iair, a ucis pe fratele lui Goliat, Lahmi din Gat, care avea o suliţă al cărei mâner era ca un sul de ţesut.

A mai fost o bătălie. Potrivit cu 2 Samuel 21,19, amplasarea noului război a fost iar Gob (vezi la 1 Cronici 20,4).

Iair. Sau "Iaare-Oreghim, din Betleem" (2 Samuel 21,19).

Goliat. Războinicul pe care David, tânăr fiind, îl înfrânsese atât de categoric (1 Samuel 17,4). Gat era patria oamenilor cu statură înaltă (1 Cronici 20,6-8).



20:6 A mai fost o bătălie la Gat. Acolo a fost un om de statură înaltă, care avea şase degete la fiecare mână şi la fiecare picior, douăzeci şi patru de toate, şi care se trăgea şi el din Rafa.

Degete. Ebraica textului de aici e mai scurtă decât în 2 Samuel 21,20. Expresia care descrie degetele uriaşului spune, literal, "şi degetele lui [cuvântul ebraic "degete" este folosit atât pentru degetele de la mâini cât şi pentru cele de la picioare] şase şi şase - douăzeci şi patru".



20:7 El a batjocorit pe Israel; şi Ionatan, fiul lui Şimea, fratele lui David, l-a ucis.

Verset ce nu a fost comentat.

20:8 Oamenii aceştia erau dintre copiii lui Rafa la Gat. Ei au pierit ucişi de mâna lui David şi de mâna slujitorilor lui.

Verset ce nu a fost comentat.

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Special note for ANDROID SmartPhones
I recommend to download PhoneMe emulator for Android from here. Especially I recommend phoneME Advanced - Foundation Profile + MIDP High Resolution b168 rev20547 from here, or from here.

Then you have to build your application, to transfer the .jar and .jad files on your mobile phone and run using this nice emulator.

1. Install a Zip Utility from Android Market.

2. Install a File Manager from Android Market.

3. Download and install PhoneMe, as mentioned above.

4. Build your application by using Download Multilingual Service or Dynamic Download (zip).

5. Copy the zip file into your Android Phone and unzip the content in a folder, and then write down the path to the unzipped files and the name of the .jad file.

6. Launch PhoneMe from your smartphone.

7. Inside PhoneMe, write to the main window the path and the name to the .jad file, above mentioned. Will look something like: file:///mnt/sd/download/BiblePhone.jad and then press enter.

8. The application will be installed, and next a hyperlink will be available below the above mentioned textbox. On this way you can install as many of MIDP application you like on your Android Phone.


How to install the application in Java Mobile enabled phones

It is possible now to have the Holy Scriptures on your mobile phone and to read it wherever you are due to the Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) technology in 1.0 and 2.0 versions, developed for Java applications.

A good advice is to try in the beginning the MIDP 1.0 / 128 Kbytes version, and progressively to advance to MIDP 2.0 and larger volumes (512 Kbytes or more).

The application is available for MIDP 2.0, MIDP 1.0. You have only to select one table on the field MIDP2.0 or MIDP1.0, according to the desired Bible version. Then, you shall make a click on the JAR (Java Archive) file in order to obtain the software to be installed on your mobile phone.

I recommend you to start with STARTER(MIDP1.0old) edition, then to continue with INTERMEDIATE(MIDP1.0), and in the end, if the mobile phone supports this thing, to try to install the ADVANCED (MIDP2.0) edition. Also, start with 128 kbytes volumes, continue with 512 kbytes, and at the end try the version in one file.

There are cases where the mobile phone requires so called JAD (Java Descriptor) files. These JAD files has to be uploaded, on this case, together with the desired JAR files(s).

There are different methods to download the applications in your mobile phone as follows:
1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone
3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone
4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
5. If none from the above cases are valid

Next, we shall examine each case in order to have a successfully installation of the software.


1. Directly from Internet by using a WAP or GPRS connection
 

If your have Internet access on your mobile phone (e.g. WAP or GPRS), it is enough to access https://biblephone.intercer.net/wap/  from the browser of the mobile phone, and to access the desired Bible version, and then to make an option about MIDP1.0 or MIDP2.0, and finally to select the desired module (e.g. one or more). After the last selection, the desired version will be downloaded on your mobile phone.

Many phones have only this option for installing JAVA appplications.

2. By using the infrared port of the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.

If you don't have access to Internet directly from your mobile phone, then you shall have to pass to this step requiring to have infrared ports on your mobile phone and on the computer.
a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to activate the infrared port on the mobile phone and align it with the infrared port of the computer (preferable laptop).

c. Then a window will appear asking what file you want to send to the mobile phone. Next, you will select the downloaded JAR file, and after OK, the mobile phone will ask you if you want to load that file. You say YES and the application will be downloaded on your mobile phone.
d. Probably, you will be asked by the mobile phone where you want to save it (e.g. on the games or applications directories). After you made this selection, the file will be ready to be loaded for run.
The displaying preference can be set inside the application in order to have larger fonts, full screen display etc.

3. By wireless Bluetooth access to the mobile phone

Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
This situation is similar with the infrared case. You have only to activate Bluetooth access on your mobile phone (check if exists) and on the computer (check if exists).

4. By cable link between PC ad mobile phone
Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones.
On this case the steps are as follows:

a. On this case, you will download the application by using the computer from the Internet (i.e. JAR files).
b. Once the application is downloaded (preferable on the desktop) you will have to set up the wired connection between the mobile phone and the computer. Next, you will start the synchronization / data transfer application and download the JAR file in your mobile phone. Surely, you will have to consult the CD of your mobile phone.
c. By this application you shall transfer into your mobile phone the JAR file in the games or applications directories. Next, you will have to select for run the JAR desired file.

5. If none from the above cases are valid
On this unhappy case, I recommend you to find a friend with a laptop having infrared / Bluetooth capabilities, or to buy a data link cable, or to change your current model of mobile phone.
Unfortunately, some models of mobile phones require only WAP/GPRS in order to download and run Java applications.


Sometimes there is a need for a special uploader software for specific mobile phones. Therefore check the documentation of them and also the page for specific models.

Why so many versions? Simple, because not all the mobile phones support the Bible in one file with MIDP 2.0 (the most advanced for the time being).

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Source: Text from read this link, compiled by biblephone2008@gmail.com





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